Efficient Modeling of 3D-Printed Freeform Waveguides with a Transformation Optics-Based Beam Propagation Method
Abstract
An efficient numerical method is introduced for simulating wave propagation in 3D-printed freeform waveguides, referred to as photonic wire bonds (PWBs). This approach integrates transformation optics (TO) with curvilinear meshing to map the original 3D freeform PWB structure onto a straight waveguide, which possesses anisotropic material characteristics. The resulting waveguide is then analyzed using an anisotropic full-vectorial beam propagation method (BPM). To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed TO-BPM algorithm, a comparison is made with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. Our approach reduces the simulation time by more than two orders of magnitude, depending on the degree of trajectory bending, in combination with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.9% in power transmission simulation relative to the FDTD.
Versions
Related
- Propagation of pulse fluctuations of multimode sources in optical fibers and waveguides with arbitrary chromatic dispersion
- Label-Efficient Generative Inverse Design and Design-Rule Discovery in Freeform Topological Photonics
- Microstructure-Based Phase-Field Modeling of Aortic Dissection Initiation and Propagation
- Continuous vision transformer-based neural operator for scalable beam propagation modeling in optical fibers
- LES-derived turbulence tank optical propagation with numerical adaptive-optics modeling: quantifying OAM modal crosstalk and mitigation
BibTeX
@misc{foroutanbarenji2026efficient,
title = {{Efficient Modeling of 3D-Printed Freeform Waveguides with a Transformation Optics-Based Beam Propagation Method}},
author = {Sina Foroutan-Barenji and Jonas Krimmer and Stefan Singer and Christian Koos and Wolfgang Freude},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.31004},
eprint = {2610.31004},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31004},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Efficient Modeling of 3D-Printed Freeform Waveguides with a Transformation Optics-Based Beam Propagation Method
AU - Sina Foroutan-Barenji
AU - Jonas Krimmer
AU - Stefan Singer
AU - Christian Koos
AU - Wolfgang Freude
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.31004
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31004
AB - An efficient numerical method is introduced for simulating wave propagation in 3D-printed freeform waveguides, referred to as photonic wire bonds (PWBs). This approach integrates transformation optics (TO) with curvilinear meshing to map the original 3D freeform PWB structure onto a straight waveguide, which possesses anisotropic material characteristics. The resulting waveguide is then analyzed using an anisotropic full-vectorial beam propagation method (BPM). To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed TO-BPM algorithm, a comparison is made with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. Our approach reduces the simulation time by more than two orders of magnitude, depending on the degree of trajectory bending, in combination with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.9% in power transmission simulation relative to the FDTD.
ER -