All-water supercapacitor enabled by 1-nm clay channels
7 affiliations
- 1Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany. [email protected]
- 2École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [email protected]
- 3École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 4Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- 5Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- 6Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- 7Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Abstract
Water confined to channels one nanometer thick exhibits electrochemical behavior distinct from bulk water, including enhanced protonic conductivity and large dielectric anisotropy. Here, we exploit these characteristics to design a scalable electrochemical energy storage system-a “blue capacitor”-constructed entirely from naturally abundant materials. By assembling layered clays and conductive graphene, we produce 1-nm-thick channels in which confined water acts as the sole electrolyte. We systematically study different clay types, the electrode composition, and separator thickness using complementary physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The device operates stably up to 1.6 ± 0.1 V, achieves specific capacitances of 40 F g −1 , 97 ± 2% coulombic efficiency, and stable performance over more than 60,000 charge-discharge cycles at a voltage window of 1 V and a scan rate of 10 mA. Structural and dynamic analyses validate the device architecture, water purity, and proton transport in the nanopores. These results demonstrate that nanoconfined water can function as an electrolyte in a macroscopic electrochemical device, providing a platform for exploring sustainable aqueous energy storage systems.
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BibTeX
@article{artemov2026allwater,
title = {{All-water supercapacitor enabled by 1-nm clay channels}},
author = {Vasily G. Artemov and Svetlana Babiy and Yunfei Teng and Jiaming Ma and Alexander Ryzhov and Tzu‐Heng Chen and Lucie Navratilova and Victor Boureau and Pascal Schouwink and М. V. Liseanskaia and Patrick Huber and Fikile Richard Brushett and Lyesse Laloui and Giulia Tagliabue and Aleksandra Rađenović},
journal = {Nature Communications},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-73924-1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73924-1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - All-water supercapacitor enabled by 1-nm clay channels
AU - Vasily G. Artemov
AU - Svetlana Babiy
AU - Yunfei Teng
AU - Jiaming Ma
AU - Alexander Ryzhov
AU - Tzu‐Heng Chen
AU - Lucie Navratilova
AU - Victor Boureau
AU - Pascal Schouwink
AU - М. V. Liseanskaia
AU - Patrick Huber
AU - Fikile Richard Brushett
AU - Lyesse Laloui
AU - Giulia Tagliabue
AU - Aleksandra Rađenović
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/05
JO - Nature Communications
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-73924-1
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73924-1
AB - Water confined to channels one nanometer thick exhibits electrochemical behavior distinct from bulk water, including enhanced protonic conductivity and large dielectric anisotropy. Here, we exploit these characteristics to design a scalable electrochemical energy storage system-a “blue capacitor”-constructed entirely from naturally abundant materials. By assembling layered clays and conductive graphene, we produce 1-nm-thick channels in which confined water acts as the sole electrolyte. We systematically study different clay types, the electrode composition, and separator thickness using complementary physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. The device operates stably up to 1.6 ± 0.1 V, achieves specific capacitances of 40 F g −1 , 97 ± 2% coulombic efficiency, and stable performance over more than 60,000 charge-discharge cycles at a voltage window of 1 V and a scan rate of 10 mA. Structural and dynamic analyses validate the device architecture, water purity, and proton transport in the nanopores. These results demonstrate that nanoconfined water can function as an electrolyte in a macroscopic electrochemical device, providing a platform for exploring sustainable aqueous energy storage systems.
SN - 2041-1723
ER -