Multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor for real-time blood monitoring
10 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 2The Hong Kong Polytechnic University-Daya Bay Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- 3State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China.
- 4The Hong Kong Polytechnic University-Wenzhou Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- 5School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 6Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 7School of Flexible Electronics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- 8Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- 9Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 10Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Abstract
Accurate and real-time monitoring of blood electrolyte composition, particularly sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺), is crucial for guiding intraoperative and postoperative decisions, as these ions regulate critical bodily functions such as cardiac rhythm and fluid balance. Current blood analysis relies on ex vivo blood sampling, which introduces substantial time delays and can be susceptible to inaccuracies caused by temperature fluctuations. To address these challenges, we report here a multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor (MIFS) capable of monitoring Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in real time directly in the bloodstream. MIFS integrates three parallel liquid metal channels with a multilayer surface-electrode architecture, which synergistically enhances sensitivity, minimizes sensing drift, ensures mechanical flexibility, and offers outstanding biocompatibility for vascular implantation. In vivo testing in rabbit models and validation in human blood samples demonstrate MIFS's superior sensing accuracy, real-time, and stable sensing in agreement with conventional ex vivo measurements. This work paves the way for real-time blood monitoring in clinical practice.
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BibTeX
@article{wu2026multiplexed,
title = {{Multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor for real-time blood monitoring}},
author = {Zhizhi Wu and Fan Chen and Jiaheng Liang and Yufei Zhang and Qiyao Huang and Chi Zhang and Peng Li and Shanghang Li and Haihua Shu and Xin Cheng and Hwa-Yaw Tam and Yunfei Chai and Zijian Zheng},
journal = {Science Advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aei9767},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aei9767},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor for real-time blood monitoring
AU - Zhizhi Wu
AU - Fan Chen
AU - Jiaheng Liang
AU - Yufei Zhang
AU - Qiyao Huang
AU - Chi Zhang
AU - Peng Li
AU - Shanghang Li
AU - Haihua Shu
AU - Xin Cheng
AU - Hwa-Yaw Tam
AU - Yunfei Chai
AU - Zijian Zheng
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - Science Advances
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aei9767
UR - https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aei9767
AB - Accurate and real-time monitoring of blood electrolyte composition, particularly sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺), is crucial for guiding intraoperative and postoperative decisions, as these ions regulate critical bodily functions such as cardiac rhythm and fluid balance. Current blood analysis relies on ex vivo blood sampling, which introduces substantial time delays and can be susceptible to inaccuracies caused by temperature fluctuations. To address these challenges, we report here a multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor (MIFS) capable of monitoring Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in real time directly in the bloodstream. MIFS integrates three parallel liquid metal channels with a multilayer surface-electrode architecture, which synergistically enhances sensitivity, minimizes sensing drift, ensures mechanical flexibility, and offers outstanding biocompatibility for vascular implantation. In vivo testing in rabbit models and validation in human blood samples demonstrate MIFS's superior sensing accuracy, real-time, and stable sensing in agreement with conventional ex vivo measurements. This work paves the way for real-time blood monitoring in clinical practice.
SN - 2375-2548
ER -