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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

The XMM Cluster Survey: Cross-Calibration of eROSITA and XMM using Dark Energy Survey Y3 Galaxy Clusters

  • J E Pilling1,2
  • D J Turner3,4,5
  • P A Giles1
  • A K Romer1
  • R Wilkinson1
  • P J Rooney1
  • M Hilton6,7
  • S Bhargava8
  • J Hall9
  • R Wang10
  • A Abdulghafour1
  • B J Maughan9
10 affiliations
  1. 1University of Sussex Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Brighton, BN1 9QH ,
  2. 2Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik , Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck ,
  3. 3Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250 ,
  4. 4High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ,
  5. 5Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST II) , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ,
  6. 6Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , Private Bag 3, 2050, Johannesburg ,
  7. 7School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Westville Campus, Durban 4041 ,
  8. 8Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange , Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4 ,
  9. 9School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL ,
  10. 10Michigan State University , Physics & Astronomy Department, East Lansing, Michigan ,
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Abstract

We present the cross-calibration of the eROSITA and XMM telescopes, using galaxy clusters detected by redMaPPer from the first three years of Dark Energy Survey observations (DESY3RM). We use the X-ray: Generate and Analyse (Xga) Python module to measure eROSITA properties, and validate our methodology using a deep pointed eROSITA CAL-PV observation of A3158, and a sample of 119 clusters from the expanded HIgh FLux Galaxy Cluster Sample (eeHiFLUGCS). Next, we construct a sample of DESY3RM clusters matched to XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS), and to clusters in the first release of the eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1). This produced a sample of 114 DESY3RM clusters with both XMM and eROSITA detections. Our resulting X-ray temperatures determined from eROSITA were compared to eRASS1 catalogue values, showing consistency between the two analyses. Comparisons between XMM and eROSITA temperatures reveal a systematic offset, with XMM temperatures 28 ± 7% higher on average. Finally, we fit LX, soft-λRM and TX-λRM scaling relations for both eROSITA and XMM using the same cluster sample, finding minimal differences in the LX, soft-λRM relation but a clear normalisation offset in the TX-λRM relation, particularly for the highest richness systems. This study will enable future work combining eROSITA and XMM observatories for DESY3RM clusters.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{pilling2026cluster,
  title = {{The XMM Cluster Survey: Cross-Calibration of eROSITA and XMM using Dark Energy Survey Y3 Galaxy Clusters}},
  author = {J E Pilling and D J Turner and P A Giles and A K Romer and R Wilkinson and P J Rooney and M Hilton and S Bhargava and J Hall and R Wang and A Abdulghafour and B J Maughan},
  journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/mnras/stag1968},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag1968/8931750},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The XMM Cluster Survey: Cross-Calibration of eROSITA and XMM using Dark Energy Survey Y3 Galaxy Clusters
AU  - J E Pilling
AU  - D J Turner
AU  - P A Giles
AU  - A K Romer
AU  - R Wilkinson
AU  - P J Rooney
AU  - M Hilton
AU  - S Bhargava
AU  - J Hall
AU  - R Wang
AU  - A Abdulghafour
AU  - B J Maughan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DO  - 10.1093/mnras/stag1968
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag1968/8931750
AB  - We present the cross-calibration of the eROSITA and XMM telescopes, using galaxy clusters detected by redMaPPer from the first three years of Dark Energy Survey observations (DESY3RM). We use the X-ray: Generate and Analyse (Xga) Python module to measure eROSITA properties, and validate our methodology using a deep pointed eROSITA CAL-PV observation of A3158, and a sample of 119 clusters from the expanded HIgh FLux Galaxy Cluster Sample (eeHiFLUGCS). Next, we construct a sample of DESY3RM clusters matched to XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS), and to clusters in the first release of the eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1). This produced a sample of 114 DESY3RM clusters with both XMM and eROSITA detections. Our resulting X-ray temperatures determined from eROSITA were compared to eRASS1 catalogue values, showing consistency between the two analyses. Comparisons between XMM and eROSITA temperatures reveal a systematic offset, with XMM temperatures 28 ± 7% higher on average. Finally, we fit LX, soft-λRM and TX-λRM scaling relations for both eROSITA and XMM using the same cluster sample, finding minimal differences in the LX, soft-λRM relation but a clear normalisation offset in the TX-λRM relation, particularly for the highest richness systems. This study will enable future work combining eROSITA and XMM observatories for DESY3RM clusters.
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
ER  -