Sociodemographic and Perinatal Correlates of Perceived Obstetric Violence in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study Informed by an Intersectional Framework.
5 affiliations
- 1Nursing Research Group (Grupo de Investigación Enfermería, GIENF Code 241), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Estudios Feministas y de Género Purificación Escribano, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos I Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
- 2Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, ADHUC-Research Center for Theory, Gender, Sexuality, University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, Eixample, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
- 3Centro de Salud Adeje, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Canario de Salud, 38670 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- 4Nursing Research Group (Grupo de Investigación Enfermería, GIENF Code 241), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos I Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
- 5Research Group Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud (DAFNis), Departament d'Infermeria de Salut Pública, Salut Mental i Maternoinfantil, Facultat D'infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the association between sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and perceived or suspected obstetric violence in Spain, informed by an intersectional framework. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probabilistic online survey of women who gave birth in Spain between March 2020 and April 2021. "Yes" and "do not know" responses were combined as perceived or suspected obstetric violence. Descriptive and bivariate analyses (chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests) were followed by a multivariable binary logistic regression including, a priori, age, occupation, educational level, social class, ethnicity, type of birth, type of healthcare and autonomous community. Results: Of 6060 women, 33.5% (n = 2030) reported or suspected obstetric violence. In the adjusted model (n = 5978; Nagelkerke R² = 0.071), the outcome was associated with all variables except social class. Odds were higher after urgent caesarean section (aOR = 2.16) and instrumental birth (aOR = 2.76) than after vaginal birth, and lower in private than in public healthcare (aOR = 0.67). Estimates for ethnic minorities were very imprecise because of the small size of these groups. Conclusions: Perceived or suspected obstetric violence was associated with several sociodemographic, obstetric and healthcare characteristics, most strongly with type of birth, although the explanatory capacity of the model was low. These findings support reviewing interventionist obstetric practices and using sampling strategies that include minority groups.
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BibTeX
@article{menatudela2026sociodemographic,
title = {{Sociodemographic and Perinatal Correlates of Perceived Obstetric Violence in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study Informed by an Intersectional Framework.}},
author = {Desirée Mena-Tudela and Josefina Goberna-Tricas and Susana Iglesias-Casás and Irene Llagostera-Reverter and Ainoa Biurrun-Garrido},
journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/nursrep16100366},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931339},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Sociodemographic and Perinatal Correlates of Perceived Obstetric Violence in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study Informed by an Intersectional Framework.
AU - Desirée Mena-Tudela
AU - Josefina Goberna-Tricas
AU - Susana Iglesias-Casás
AU - Irene Llagostera-Reverter
AU - Ainoa Biurrun-Garrido
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)
DO - 10.3390/nursrep16100366
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931339
AB - Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the association between sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and perceived or suspected obstetric violence in Spain, informed by an intersectional framework. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probabilistic online survey of women who gave birth in Spain between March 2020 and April 2021. "Yes" and "do not know" responses were combined as perceived or suspected obstetric violence. Descriptive and bivariate analyses (chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests) were followed by a multivariable binary logistic regression including, a priori, age, occupation, educational level, social class, ethnicity, type of birth, type of healthcare and autonomous community. Results: Of 6060 women, 33.5% (n = 2030) reported or suspected obstetric violence. In the adjusted model (n = 5978; Nagelkerke R² = 0.071), the outcome was associated with all variables except social class. Odds were higher after urgent caesarean section (aOR = 2.16) and instrumental birth (aOR = 2.76) than after vaginal birth, and lower in private than in public healthcare (aOR = 0.67). Estimates for ethnic minorities were very imprecise because of the small size of these groups. Conclusions: Perceived or suspected obstetric violence was associated with several sociodemographic, obstetric and healthcare characteristics, most strongly with type of birth, although the explanatory capacity of the model was low. These findings support reviewing interventionist obstetric practices and using sampling strategies that include minority groups.
SN - 2039-439X
SN - 2039-4403
ER -