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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDBMC health services research

Remote guidance for emergency calls capability and associated factors among emergency department medical staff in China: a mixed methods study.

  • Lixiang Chen1
  • Jinghan Li2
  • Fengying Huang3
  • Xiongwei Chen2
  • Lifen Liu4
  • Liangying Chen5
  • Yuting Yang6
6 affiliations
  1. 1The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, No. 181 Meiyuan East Road, Putian, Fujian, China.
  2. 2The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, No. 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, Fujian, China.
  3. 3Putian Emergency Center, No. 449 Nanmen West Road, Chengxiang District, Putian, Fujian, China.
  4. 4The 95th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, No. 485 Dongyan Road, Licheng District, Putian, Fujian, China.
  5. 5School of Nursing, Putian University, No. 2121, Zixiao East Road, Xitianwei Town, Licheng District, Putian, Fujian, China.
  6. 6School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Background

Remote Guidance for Emergency Calls (RGEC) is the main link between the public and emergency medical services, yet the specific competencies of emergency department medical staff in providing these instructions remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate RGEC capacities and experiences among medical staff and identify its key determinants through a mixed-methods design.Methods

A mixed-methods design was conducted. A total of 405 medical staff from 23 healthcare institutions completed a cross-sectional survey by cluster sampling. We employ Nurses' Clinical Communication Competency (NCCC), Chinese Version of the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI-CV), and Remote Guidance for Emergency Calls Capability (RGECC). Quantitative data were analyzed using multivariate stepwise regression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, followed by content analysis.Results

Participants had a mean age of 34.97 ± 7.56 years, and 69.14% were female. The full-score rates for RGECC (2.96%), NCCC (17.28%), and CTDI-CV (4.69%) were low. Factors associated with RGEC included clinical communication competency, critical thinking, providing proactive pre-hospital RGEC, pre-hospital RGEC experience, professional title, and total employment duration (p < 0.05). Two themes were revealed: (1) Remote emergency rescue challenges (bystander barriers, rescue passivity, and a lack of experience in remote rescue guidance), and (2) Strategies for promoting RGEC (improving emotional management, enhancing public first aid capabilities, standardizing first-aid guidance protocols, and strengthening specialized training for remote guidance).Conclusion

The RGECC of emergency department staff in China still requires improvement. A comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy must be adopted, focusing on strengthening emotional management, standardizing operational procedures, providing training, and conducting public first aid education.Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR2600120316; reg. date: March 12, 2026.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chen2026remote,
  title = {{Remote guidance for emergency calls capability and associated factors among emergency department medical staff in China: a mixed methods study.}},
  author = {Lixiang Chen and Jinghan Li and Fengying Huang and Xiongwei Chen and Lifen Liu and Liangying Chen and Yuting Yang},
  journal = {BMC health services research},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1186/s12913-026-15257-9},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968079},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Remote guidance for emergency calls capability and associated factors among emergency department medical staff in China: a mixed methods study.
AU  - Lixiang Chen
AU  - Jinghan Li
AU  - Fengying Huang
AU  - Xiongwei Chen
AU  - Lifen Liu
AU  - Liangying Chen
AU  - Yuting Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/31
JO  - BMC health services research
DO  - 10.1186/s12913-026-15257-9
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968079
AB  - Background  Remote Guidance for Emergency Calls (RGEC) is the main link between the public and emergency medical services, yet the specific competencies of emergency department medical staff in providing these instructions remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate RGEC capacities and experiences among medical staff and identify its key determinants through a mixed-methods design.Methods  A mixed-methods design was conducted. A total of 405 medical staff from 23 healthcare institutions completed a cross-sectional survey by cluster sampling. We employ Nurses' Clinical Communication Competency (NCCC), Chinese Version of the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI-CV), and Remote Guidance for Emergency Calls Capability (RGECC). Quantitative data were analyzed using multivariate stepwise regression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, followed by content analysis.Results  Participants had a mean age of 34.97 ± 7.56 years, and 69.14% were female. The full-score rates for RGECC (2.96%), NCCC (17.28%), and CTDI-CV (4.69%) were low. Factors associated with RGEC included clinical communication competency, critical thinking, providing proactive pre-hospital RGEC, pre-hospital RGEC experience, professional title, and total employment duration (p < 0.05). Two themes were revealed: (1) Remote emergency rescue challenges (bystander barriers, rescue passivity, and a lack of experience in remote rescue guidance), and (2) Strategies for promoting RGEC (improving emotional management, enhancing public first aid capabilities, standardizing first-aid guidance protocols, and strengthening specialized training for remote guidance).Conclusion  The RGECC of emergency department staff in China still requires improvement. A comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy must be adopted, focusing on strengthening emotional management, standardizing operational procedures, providing training, and conducting public first aid education.Trial registration  Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR2600120316; reg. date: March 12, 2026.
SN  - 1472-6963
ER  -