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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of rehabilitation medicine

Clinical and functional outcomes of aquatic plyometrics in adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome: a dual-arm randomized controlled trial.

  • Mazyad A Alotaibi1
  • Ragab K Elnaggar2
  • Ahmed S Alhowimel1
  • Saud M Alrawaili1
  • Tamer E Elnegamy1
  • Hesham A Alfeheid1
  • Maged A Basha3
  • FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel4
  • Saleh M Aloraini3
  • Feras Alsultan3
  • Amal Alharbi3
  • Mahmoud S Elfakharany5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
  2. 2Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. [email protected].
  3. 3Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
  4. 4Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  5. 5Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Abstract

Objective

Optimal management of adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome requires evidence-based interventions that maximize physical recovery without overloading the patellofemoral joint. This study investigated the efficacy of aquatic plyometric (Aquatic-Plyo) exercises on pain, muscle strength, and functional disability and health-related quality of life in this demographic.Design

A dual-arm randomized controlled trial.Subjects/patients

56 adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome (age: 10-18 years).Methods

Adolescents were allocated to an experimental Aquatic-Plyo group or a control group performing conventional exercises. Both arms completed 45-min sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment assessments included pain intensity, isokinetic knee (quadriceps and hamstrings) torque at 120°/s and 180°/s, functional disability, and health-related quality of life.Results

Mixed-model ANOVA confirmed the therapeutic dominance of the Aquatic-Plyo protocol. It yielded superior pain relief (p = 0.004, η2p = 0.14) and larger increases in quadriceps [120°/s (p = 0.006, η2p = 0.13); 180°/s (p = 0.008, η2p = 0.12)] and hamstring [120°/s (p = 0.007, η2p = 0.13); 180°/s (p = 0.023, η2p = 0.09)] peak torque. Moreover, the Aquatic-Plyo intervention drove greater reduction in functional disability (p = 0.03, η2p = 0.08) and notable enhancement in perceived health-related quality of life (p = 0.023, η2p = 0.09).Conclusion

Aquatic-Plyo exercises effectively reduces pain and disability while improving muscle strength and health-related quality of life in adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome, making it a valuable addition to conservative rehabilitation strategies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{alotaibi2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical and functional outcomes of aquatic plyometrics in adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome: a dual-arm randomized controlled trial.}},
  author = {Mazyad A Alotaibi and Ragab K Elnaggar and Ahmed S Alhowimel and Saud M Alrawaili and Tamer E Elnegamy and Hesham A Alfeheid and Maged A Basha and FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel and Saleh M Aloraini and Feras Alsultan and Amal Alharbi and Mahmoud S Elfakharany},
  journal = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2340/jrm.v58.46495},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895359},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical and functional outcomes of aquatic plyometrics in adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome: a dual-arm randomized controlled trial.
AU  - Mazyad A Alotaibi
AU  - Ragab K Elnaggar
AU  - Ahmed S Alhowimel
AU  - Saud M Alrawaili
AU  - Tamer E Elnegamy
AU  - Hesham A Alfeheid
AU  - Maged A Basha
AU  - FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel
AU  - Saleh M Aloraini
AU  - Feras Alsultan
AU  - Amal Alharbi
AU  - Mahmoud S Elfakharany
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Journal of rehabilitation medicine
DO  - 10.2340/jrm.v58.46495
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895359
AB  - Objective  Optimal management of adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome requires evidence-based interventions that maximize physical recovery without overloading the patellofemoral joint. This study investigated the efficacy of aquatic plyometric (Aquatic-Plyo) exercises on pain, muscle strength, and functional disability and health-related quality of life in this demographic.Design  A dual-arm randomized controlled trial.Subjects/patients  56 adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome (age: 10-18 years).Methods  Adolescents were allocated to an experimental Aquatic-Plyo group or a control group performing conventional exercises. Both arms completed 45-min sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment assessments included pain intensity, isokinetic knee (quadriceps and hamstrings) torque at 120°/s and 180°/s, functional disability, and health-related quality of life.Results  Mixed-model ANOVA confirmed the therapeutic dominance of the Aquatic-Plyo protocol. It yielded superior pain relief (p = 0.004, η2p = 0.14) and larger increases in quadriceps [120°/s (p = 0.006, η2p = 0.13); 180°/s (p = 0.008, η2p = 0.12)] and hamstring [120°/s (p = 0.007, η2p = 0.13); 180°/s (p = 0.023, η2p = 0.09)] peak torque. Moreover, the Aquatic-Plyo intervention drove greater reduction in functional disability (p = 0.03, η2p = 0.08) and notable enhancement in perceived health-related quality of life (p = 0.023, η2p = 0.09).Conclusion  Aquatic-Plyo exercises effectively reduces pain and disability while improving muscle strength and health-related quality of life in adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome, making it a valuable addition to conservative rehabilitation strategies.
SN  - 1650-1977
SN  - 1651-2081
ER  -