Safety aspects of using iodoform as a methane-mitigating feed additive to dairy cows: Impacts of milk and serum on bovine mammary and human intestinal epithelial cell lines
- 1Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University Viborg, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Abstract
Ongoing research investigates the use of bromoform and other brominated halomethanes as antimethanogenic additives for ruminant livestock. Recently, iodoform has also been shown to be a potent methane inhibitor in dairy cows. To evaluate potential associated effects of using iodoform as a feed additive, cell viability assays were conducted using 2 cell lines: bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int.), representing mammary and intestinal epithelial cell models, respectively. Cells were cultivated in media containing 1%, 5%, or 10% (vol/vol) of milk whey or blood serum sampled from multicannulated (ruminal, duodenal, and ileal) Danish Holstein dairy cows that were dosed intraruminally daily with iodoform (0, 320, 640, and 800 mg/d). The iodoform dosages were determined based on a previous unpublished pilot study. Moreover, we also investigated the effects of the direct addition of 7 different concentrations (0.003–10 µM) of the pure compounds iodoform, diiodomethane, and iodomethane on the viability of MAC-T cells. Cell viability was increased in both MAC-T and FHs 74 Int. cell lines with increased concentration of serum or whey, whether from control (0 mg/d) or iodoform-supplemented cows. No significant linear or quadratic effects of serum or whey were observed on either cell line. Consistent with these findings, MAC-T cell viability was unaffected by exposure to iodoform or its reduced form, iodomethane, across concentrations of 0.003 to 7 µM. In contrast, diiodomethane reduced cell viability at concentrations >0.5 µM; however, these levels exceed those expected in vivo following iodoform supplementation. Overall, intraruminal administration of iodoform to dairy cows was not associated with adverse effects of serum or whey on MAC-T or FHs 74 Int. cell viability.
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BibTeX
@article{ronn2026safety,
title = {{Safety aspects of using iodoform as a methane-mitigating feed additive to dairy cows: Impacts of milk and serum on bovine mammary and human intestinal epithelial cell lines}},
author = {Marie Rønn and Mirka Thorsteinsson and Mette Olaf Nielsen and Stig Purup},
journal = {JDS communications},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.3168/jdsc.2025-1048},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13751233},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Safety aspects of using iodoform as a methane-mitigating feed additive to dairy cows: Impacts of milk and serum on bovine mammary and human intestinal epithelial cell lines
AU - Marie Rønn
AU - Mirka Thorsteinsson
AU - Mette Olaf Nielsen
AU - Stig Purup
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/06
JO - JDS communications
DO - 10.3168/jdsc.2025-1048
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13751233
AB - Ongoing research investigates the use of bromoform and other brominated halomethanes as antimethanogenic additives for ruminant livestock. Recently, iodoform has also been shown to be a potent methane inhibitor in dairy cows. To evaluate potential associated effects of using iodoform as a feed additive, cell viability assays were conducted using 2 cell lines: bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int.), representing mammary and intestinal epithelial cell models, respectively. Cells were cultivated in media containing 1%, 5%, or 10% (vol/vol) of milk whey or blood serum sampled from multicannulated (ruminal, duodenal, and ileal) Danish Holstein dairy cows that were dosed intraruminally daily with iodoform (0, 320, 640, and 800 mg/d). The iodoform dosages were determined based on a previous unpublished pilot study. Moreover, we also investigated the effects of the direct addition of 7 different concentrations (0.003–10 µM) of the pure compounds iodoform, diiodomethane, and iodomethane on the viability of MAC-T cells. Cell viability was increased in both MAC-T and FHs 74 Int. cell lines with increased concentration of serum or whey, whether from control (0 mg/d) or iodoform-supplemented cows. No significant linear or quadratic effects of serum or whey were observed on either cell line. Consistent with these findings, MAC-T cell viability was unaffected by exposure to iodoform or its reduced form, iodomethane, across concentrations of 0.003 to 7 µM. In contrast, diiodomethane reduced cell viability at concentrations >0.5 µM; however, these levels exceed those expected in vivo following iodoform supplementation. Overall, intraruminal administration of iodoform to dairy cows was not associated with adverse effects of serum or whey on MAC-T or FHs 74 Int. cell viability.
SN - 2666-9102
ER -