Durability Degradation Mechanisms and Coupled Deterioration Behaviors of Geopolymer Concrete Under Multi-Hazard Service Environments: A Critical Review.
- 1School of Intelligent Construction and Civil Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
- 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
Abstract
Geopolymer concrete (GPC), here defined primarily as concrete based on low-calcium alkali-activated aluminosilicate binders, exhibits durability responses that depend strongly on precursor chemistry, gel assemblage, pore structure and exposure conditions; high-calcium or slag-rich systems are therefore discussed separately as related alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. This critical review synthesizes representative peer-reviewed evidence on freeze-thaw cycling, drying and autogenous shrinkage, elevated-temperature/fire exposure, chloride, sulfate and acid attack, carbonation, reinforcement corrosion and coupled multi-hazard deterioration. The evidence indicates that freeze-thaw damage is governed by pore-water phase change, cracking and transport-pathway formation, while chemical attack involves ion ingress, dealkalization, dealumination/decalcification and elemental leaching. Direct coupled evidence is strongest for freeze-thaw combined with chloride/salt or sulfate exposure; shrinkage-transport interactions are mainly correlation-supported, whereas carbonation-chloride-freeze-thaw-related corrosion remains largely a mechanism-based inference. Future work should prioritize standardized sequential multi-hazard protocols, chemistry-specific parameter databases and field-calibrated transport/corrosion models to support reliable service-life prediction and engineering design.
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BibTeX
@article{li2026durability,
title = {{Durability Degradation Mechanisms and Coupled Deterioration Behaviors of Geopolymer Concrete Under Multi-Hazard Service Environments: A Critical Review.}},
author = {Jiale Li and Fei Yang and Ran Hai and Wenhao Mi and Cun Hui},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/ma19194050},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882551},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Durability Degradation Mechanisms and Coupled Deterioration Behaviors of Geopolymer Concrete Under Multi-Hazard Service Environments: A Critical Review.
AU - Jiale Li
AU - Fei Yang
AU - Ran Hai
AU - Wenhao Mi
AU - Cun Hui
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
JO - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/ma19194050
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882551
AB - Geopolymer concrete (GPC), here defined primarily as concrete based on low-calcium alkali-activated aluminosilicate binders, exhibits durability responses that depend strongly on precursor chemistry, gel assemblage, pore structure and exposure conditions; high-calcium or slag-rich systems are therefore discussed separately as related alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. This critical review synthesizes representative peer-reviewed evidence on freeze-thaw cycling, drying and autogenous shrinkage, elevated-temperature/fire exposure, chloride, sulfate and acid attack, carbonation, reinforcement corrosion and coupled multi-hazard deterioration. The evidence indicates that freeze-thaw damage is governed by pore-water phase change, cracking and transport-pathway formation, while chemical attack involves ion ingress, dealkalization, dealumination/decalcification and elemental leaching. Direct coupled evidence is strongest for freeze-thaw combined with chloride/salt or sulfate exposure; shrinkage-transport interactions are mainly correlation-supported, whereas carbonation-chloride-freeze-thaw-related corrosion remains largely a mechanism-based inference. Future work should prioritize standardized sequential multi-hazard protocols, chemistry-specific parameter databases and field-calibrated transport/corrosion models to support reliable service-life prediction and engineering design.
SN - 1996-1944
ER -