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Peer-reviewedCC BYBone research

Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages: the central role of lipid metabolism in bone homeostasis.

  • Longping Li1,2,3
  • Yuxiao Zhang1,2,3
  • Shuo Huang1,2,3
  • Yang Xiao1,2,3
  • Genyu Liu1,2,3
  • Zhengjie Wu1,2,3
  • Yiqian Hu1,2,3
  • Shiqiang Gong1,2,3
  • Jing Mao4,5,6
  • Ke Song7,8,9
  • Qilin Li10,11,12
12 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
  2. 2School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
  3. 3Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, PR China.
  4. 4Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  5. 5School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  6. 6Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  7. 7Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  8. 8School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  9. 9Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  10. 10Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  11. 11School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
  12. 12Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, PR China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Macrophage lipid metabolism is a pivotal regulator of bone homeostasis. Macrophages orchestrate the balance between bone resorption and formation primarily through their M1/M2 polarization states, with M1 macrophages promoting resorption and M2 macrophages supporting formation. This review comprehensively describes how key lipid metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and cholesterol metabolism, govern this polarization and subsequent bone remodeling. It integrates the core mechanisms by which lipid metabolism drives M1 and M2 polarization, and highlights that targeting macrophage lipid metabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for bone diseases. Finally, we identify emerging frontiers, including the "gut-bone axis" and epigenetic regulation, as critical directions for future research.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026metabolic,
  title = {{Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages: the central role of lipid metabolism in bone homeostasis.}},
  author = {Longping Li and Yuxiao Zhang and Shuo Huang and Yang Xiao and Genyu Liu and Zhengjie Wu and Yiqian Hu and Shiqiang Gong and Jing Mao and Ke Song and Qilin Li},
  journal = {Bone research},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1038/s41413-026-00590-w},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963349},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages: the central role of lipid metabolism in bone homeostasis.
AU  - Longping Li
AU  - Yuxiao Zhang
AU  - Shuo Huang
AU  - Yang Xiao
AU  - Genyu Liu
AU  - Zhengjie Wu
AU  - Yiqian Hu
AU  - Shiqiang Gong
AU  - Jing Mao
AU  - Ke Song
AU  - Qilin Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - Bone research
DO  - 10.1038/s41413-026-00590-w
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963349
AB  - Macrophage lipid metabolism is a pivotal regulator of bone homeostasis. Macrophages orchestrate the balance between bone resorption and formation primarily through their M1/M2 polarization states, with M1 macrophages promoting resorption and M2 macrophages supporting formation. This review comprehensively describes how key lipid metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and cholesterol metabolism, govern this polarization and subsequent bone remodeling. It integrates the core mechanisms by which lipid metabolism drives M1 and M2 polarization, and highlights that targeting macrophage lipid metabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for bone diseases. Finally, we identify emerging frontiers, including the "gut-bone axis" and epigenetic regulation, as critical directions for future research.
SN  - 2095-4700
SN  - 2095-6231
ER  -