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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Breaking the blend: a multitracer kinematic decomposition method for IFS data applied to disentangling the AGN outflow and circumnuclear ring in NGC 5728 with JWST

  • Oscar Veenema1
  • Niranjan Thatte1
  • Dimitra Rigopoulou1,2
  • Richard I Davies3
  • Miguel Pereira-Santaella4
  • Ismael García-Bernete5
  • Almudena Alonso-Herrero5
  • Anelise Audibert6,7
  • Enrica Bellocchi8,9
  • Andrew J Bunker1
  • Françoise Combes10
  • Tanio Díaz Santos2,11
17 more authors
  • Fergus R Donnan12
  • Donaji Esparza-Arredondo13
  • Federico Esposito14
  • Santiago García-Burillo14
  • Begoña García-Lorenzo6,7
  • Omaira Gonzalez Martin15
  • Laura Hermosa Muñoz16
  • Erin K S Hicks17
  • Sebastian F Hönig18
  • Masatoshi Imanishi19,20
  • Alvaro Labiano21
  • Nancy A Levenson22
  • Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez23
  • Cristina Ramos Almeida6,7
  • Claudio Ricci24,25
  • Rogemar A Riffel26
  • Marko Stalevski27,28
28 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH ,
  2. 2School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Diogenes street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia ,
  3. 3Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching ,
  4. 4Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC , Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid ,
  5. 5Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA , Camino Bajo del 497 Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid ,
  6. 6Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Calle Vía Láctea, s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife ,
  7. 7Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-28206 La Laguna, Tenerife ,
  8. 8Departmento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica , Fac. de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid ,
  9. 9Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos IPARCOS , Fac. CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid ,
  10. 10LUX , Observatoire de Paris, Collège de France, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75014, Paris ,
  11. 11Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas (FORTH) , GR-70013 Heraklion ,
  12. 12Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 ,
  13. 13Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica (IRyA-UNAM) , 3-72 (Xangari), 8701 Morelia ,
  14. 14Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN-IGN)-Observatorio de Madrid , Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid ,
  15. 15Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica (IRyA), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , C.P. 58089 ,
  16. 16Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo , Campus de Llamaquique, C/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, E-33007 Oviedo ,
  17. 17Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage , Anchorage, AK 99508-4664 ,
  18. 18School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ ,
  19. 19National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 ,
  20. 20Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI , Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 ,
  21. 21Telespazio UK for the European Space Agency (ESA) , ESAC, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid ,
  22. 22Space Telescope Science Institute , San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 ,
  23. 23Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC 29208 ,
  24. 24Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , ch. d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix ,
  25. 25Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago ,
  26. 26Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS ,
  27. 27Astronomical Observatory , Volgina 7, 11060 Belgrade ,
  28. 28Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281-S9, B-9000 Gent ,
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of the central kiloparsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) reveals a mixture of spatially coincident emission from star-formation and AGN feedback exciting the interstellar medium. Disentangling these components remains a challenge, as most spectral tracers are affected by both processes, limiting robust interpretation of kinematics and energetics. We present a new framework for decomposing IFS data into distinct components on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis using a multitracer, stacked kinematics approach. This method combines kinematic modelling with imposed flux decomposition per spaxel, quantifying the contribution of each component across the field of view. We apply this method to James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) IFS observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5728 from the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey, analysing twelve mid-infrared fine-structure lines (4.49 ≤ λ ≤ 25.89 μm, 7.9 ≤ IP ≤ 126.2 eV). We find that the circumnuclear emission can be decomposed into two dominant components: a star-forming ring and an AGN-driven biconical outflow. Our method separates these structures and recovers their detailed spatial morphology. This framework provides a general and scalable method for physically motivated component separation in IFS data, applicable across many wavelength ranges and targets, enabling reliable interpretation of complex emission line structures (or morphologies) in active galaxies and beyond.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{veenema2026breaking,
  title = {{Breaking the blend: a multitracer kinematic decomposition method for IFS data applied to disentangling the AGN outflow and circumnuclear ring in NGC 5728 with JWST}},
  author = {Oscar Veenema and Niranjan Thatte and Dimitra Rigopoulou and Richard I Davies and Miguel Pereira-Santaella and Ismael García-Bernete and Almudena Alonso-Herrero and Anelise Audibert and Enrica Bellocchi and Andrew J Bunker and Françoise Combes and Tanio Díaz Santos and Fergus R Donnan and Donaji Esparza-Arredondo and Federico Esposito and Santiago García-Burillo and Begoña García-Lorenzo and Omaira Gonzalez Martin and Laura Hermosa Muñoz and Erin K S Hicks and Sebastian F Hönig and Masatoshi Imanishi and Alvaro Labiano and Nancy A Levenson and Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez and Cristina Ramos Almeida and Claudio Ricci and Rogemar A Riffel and Marko Stalevski},
  journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/mnras/stag1917},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag1917/8885816},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Breaking the blend: a multitracer kinematic decomposition method for IFS data applied to disentangling the AGN outflow and circumnuclear ring in NGC 5728 with JWST
AU  - Oscar Veenema
AU  - Niranjan Thatte
AU  - Dimitra Rigopoulou
AU  - Richard I Davies
AU  - Miguel Pereira-Santaella
AU  - Ismael García-Bernete
AU  - Almudena Alonso-Herrero
AU  - Anelise Audibert
AU  - Enrica Bellocchi
AU  - Andrew J Bunker
AU  - Françoise Combes
AU  - Tanio Díaz Santos
AU  - Fergus R Donnan
AU  - Donaji Esparza-Arredondo
AU  - Federico Esposito
AU  - Santiago García-Burillo
AU  - Begoña García-Lorenzo
AU  - Omaira Gonzalez Martin
AU  - Laura Hermosa Muñoz
AU  - Erin K S Hicks
AU  - Sebastian F Hönig
AU  - Masatoshi Imanishi
AU  - Alvaro Labiano
AU  - Nancy A Levenson
AU  - Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez
AU  - Cristina Ramos Almeida
AU  - Claudio Ricci
AU  - Rogemar A Riffel
AU  - Marko Stalevski
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DO  - 10.1093/mnras/stag1917
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag1917/8885816
AB  - Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of the central kiloparsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) reveals a mixture of spatially coincident emission from star-formation and AGN feedback exciting the interstellar medium. Disentangling these components remains a challenge, as most spectral tracers are affected by both processes, limiting robust interpretation of kinematics and energetics. We present a new framework for decomposing IFS data into distinct components on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis using a multitracer, stacked kinematics approach. This method combines kinematic modelling with imposed flux decomposition per spaxel, quantifying the contribution of each component across the field of view. We apply this method to James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) IFS observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5728 from the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey, analysing twelve mid-infrared fine-structure lines (4.49 ≤ λ ≤ 25.89 μm, 7.9 ≤ IP ≤ 126.2 eV). We find that the circumnuclear emission can be decomposed into two dominant components: a star-forming ring and an AGN-driven biconical outflow. Our method separates these structures and recovers their detailed spatial morphology. This framework provides a general and scalable method for physically motivated component separation in IFS data, applicable across many wavelength ranges and targets, enabling reliable interpretation of complex emission line structures (or morphologies) in active galaxies and beyond.
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
ER  -