Site-scale, Multi-resolution WRF Wind Modeling with Observational Nudging for Methane Emission Monitoring in the Permian Basin
Abstract
Accurate methane source localization and emission-rate estimation at oil and gas facilities require wind fields that resolve site-scale spatial and temporal variability, which cannot be characterized by a single anemometer or coarse operational weather products. We develop a multiscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) framework for a Permian Basin facility that dynamically downscales hourly, 3 km High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) fields through four nested domains with grid spacings of 3 km, 1 km, 200 m, and 40 m. The two outer domains use planetary-boundary-layer parameterization, whereas the two inner domains operate in large-eddy-simulation mode. One-minute wind observations from two on-site anemometers are assimilated through wind-only observational nudging in the innermost domain, and the effects of nesting feedback and turbulence-closure choices are examined. Simulations for winter and summer 2025 periods are evaluated using near-surface wind-speed time series, power spectra, spatial fields, and statistical metrics. The baseline simulation reproduces the broad evolution of observed wind events but drifts during weak-wind periods. Observational nudging with one- and two-way nesting reduces the absolute bias of wind-speed by %65 at one sensor and %87 at the other, while reducing the corresponding root-mean-square errors by %33 and %44. Nudging also increases high-frequency energy and resolved spatial gradients, although improvements in turbulence statistics are not uniform. These results demonstrate a practical physics-based pathway for generating high-resolution wind fields for methane-plume modeling while emphasizing the need for independent spatial observations to validate accuracy away from assimilated sensors.
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BibTeX
@misc{kharazmi2026sitescale,
title = {{Site-scale, Multi-resolution WRF Wind Modeling with Observational Nudging for Methane Emission Monitoring in the Permian Basin}},
author = {Ehsan Kharazmi and Erin Menezes and George Karniadakis and Anantha Sundaram and Arash Fathi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.19442},
eprint = {2609.19442},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19442},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Site-scale, Multi-resolution WRF Wind Modeling with Observational Nudging for Methane Emission Monitoring in the Permian Basin
AU - Ehsan Kharazmi
AU - Erin Menezes
AU - George Karniadakis
AU - Anantha Sundaram
AU - Arash Fathi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.19442
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19442
AB - Accurate methane source localization and emission-rate estimation at oil and gas facilities require wind fields that resolve site-scale spatial and temporal variability, which cannot be characterized by a single anemometer or coarse operational weather products. We develop a multiscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) framework for a Permian Basin facility that dynamically downscales hourly, 3 km High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) fields through four nested domains with grid spacings of 3 km, 1 km, 200 m, and 40 m. The two outer domains use planetary-boundary-layer parameterization, whereas the two inner domains operate in large-eddy-simulation mode. One-minute wind observations from two on-site anemometers are assimilated through wind-only observational nudging in the innermost domain, and the effects of nesting feedback and turbulence-closure choices are examined. Simulations for winter and summer 2025 periods are evaluated using near-surface wind-speed time series, power spectra, spatial fields, and statistical metrics. The baseline simulation reproduces the broad evolution of observed wind events but drifts during weak-wind periods. Observational nudging with one- and two-way nesting reduces the absolute bias of wind-speed by %65 at one sensor and %87 at the other, while reducing the corresponding root-mean-square errors by %33 and %44. Nudging also increases high-frequency energy and resolved spatial gradients, although improvements in turbulence statistics are not uniform. These results demonstrate a practical physics-based pathway for generating high-resolution wind fields for methane-plume modeling while emphasizing the need for independent spatial observations to validate accuracy away from assimilated sensors.
ER -