Dynamically adaptive soft bioelectronics for neuro-immunomodulatory cancer therapy
Abstract
Many solid tumors remain refractory to immunotherapy due to profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Although vagus nerve stimulation offers a direct neural axis to reprogram immune function, its potential in cancer immunotherapy remains unrealized due to the absence of stable, system-level neuromodulation platforms. Herein, we develop a miniature subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve stimulator (SVNS) for near-organ neuromodulation of pancreatic tumor immunity. To construct stable electrical coupling with subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve (SVN) along the esophagus, a dynamically adaptive neural interface comprising an injectable anti-fatigue adhesive conductive hydrogel and a deformable liquid metal electrode is explored. The SVNS is integrated with a battery-free lead-free wireless power module, which can be configured into a Swiss-roll architecture, enabling minimally invasive implantation. In an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic tumor, chronic SVN stimulation using SVNS suppressed tumor growth and metastasis, reshaped tumor innervation, promoted a shift toward an M1-like TAM phenotype, enhanced cytotoxic immune cell infiltration, and further potentiated the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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BibTeX
@article{liu2026dynamically,
title = {{Dynamically adaptive soft bioelectronics for neuro-immunomodulatory cancer therapy}},
author = {Wenliang Liu and Jingjie Liu and Renyuan Sun and Ming Yang and Dingke Zhang and Kun Yang and Weixian Xu and Chuan Gao and Shihao Wang and Ziyu Zhang and Qiong Wang and Wenyuan Wang and Qingya Liu and Li Zhang and Jiexiong Feng and Xiangliang Yang and Lu Gan and Zhiqiang Luo},
journal = {Nature Communications},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-79002-w},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-79002-w},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dynamically adaptive soft bioelectronics for neuro-immunomodulatory cancer therapy
AU - Wenliang Liu
AU - Jingjie Liu
AU - Renyuan Sun
AU - Ming Yang
AU - Dingke Zhang
AU - Kun Yang
AU - Weixian Xu
AU - Chuan Gao
AU - Shihao Wang
AU - Ziyu Zhang
AU - Qiong Wang
AU - Wenyuan Wang
AU - Qingya Liu
AU - Li Zhang
AU - Jiexiong Feng
AU - Xiangliang Yang
AU - Lu Gan
AU - Zhiqiang Luo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - Nature Communications
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-79002-w
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-79002-w
AB - Many solid tumors remain refractory to immunotherapy due to profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Although vagus nerve stimulation offers a direct neural axis to reprogram immune function, its potential in cancer immunotherapy remains unrealized due to the absence of stable, system-level neuromodulation platforms. Herein, we develop a miniature subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve stimulator (SVNS) for near-organ neuromodulation of pancreatic tumor immunity. To construct stable electrical coupling with subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve (SVN) along the esophagus, a dynamically adaptive neural interface comprising an injectable anti-fatigue adhesive conductive hydrogel and a deformable liquid metal electrode is explored. The SVNS is integrated with a battery-free lead-free wireless power module, which can be configured into a Swiss-roll architecture, enabling minimally invasive implantation. In an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic tumor, chronic SVN stimulation using SVNS suppressed tumor growth and metastasis, reshaped tumor innervation, promoted a shift toward an M1-like TAM phenotype, enhanced cytotoxic immune cell infiltration, and further potentiated the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
SN - 2041-1723
ER -