Pinching Antenna and Relay Assisted Joint Indoor Outdoor NOMA Communications with SWIPT
Abstract
This paper presents a unified downlink architec- ture for serving indoor and outdoor users from a shared multi-antenna rooftop base station (BS). To overcome severe building-penetration loss, the BS transfers information and radio- frequency (RF) energy to an indoor access point (AP) using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The AP harvests this energy and performs amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying, enabling self-sustained indoor communication. A movable waveguide-mounted pinching antenna (PA) further improves indoor coverage by adapting its position to the prop- agation environment. For outdoor transmission, zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming suppresses inter-group interference, while power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) supports multiple users within each group. We maximize the outdoor weighted sum rate (WSR) while satisfying stringent indoor and outdoor quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. The resulting nonconvex problem jointly optimizes the BS power fraction, SWIPT power-splitting ratio, PA position, and NOMA power allocation. To obtain an efficient solution, we develop a two-stage method based on alternating optimization (AO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Numerical results show that the proposed architecture improves outdoor spectral efficiency while maintaining reliable, energy-sustainable indoor coverage. Increasing the BS array size further raises the indoor QoS- satisfaction probability toward unity, even under demanding rate targets.
Related
- Pinching Antenna-Assisted Full-Duplex Communication Systems
- NOMA-Assisted Multi-User Hybrid Wireless-Fed Pinching-Antenna Systems
- Impact of Antenna Position Errors on TDMA and NOMA in Pinching-Antenna Systems
- S-PASS: Star-Topology Pinching-Antenna Systems with Pipelined Antenna Pre-Positioning
- Secrecy Sum-Rate Maximization for RSMA-Enabled Pinching-Antenna Systems
BibTeX
@misc{agarwal2026pinching,
title = {{Pinching Antenna and Relay Assisted Joint Indoor Outdoor NOMA Communications with SWIPT}},
author = {Amit Agarwal and Susmita Sain and Keshav Singh and Sudip Biswas},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.33367},
eprint = {2610.33367},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33367},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pinching Antenna and Relay Assisted Joint Indoor Outdoor NOMA Communications with SWIPT
AU - Amit Agarwal
AU - Susmita Sain
AU - Keshav Singh
AU - Sudip Biswas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.33367
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33367
AB - This paper presents a unified downlink architec- ture for serving indoor and outdoor users from a shared multi-antenna rooftop base station (BS). To overcome severe building-penetration loss, the BS transfers information and radio- frequency (RF) energy to an indoor access point (AP) using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The AP harvests this energy and performs amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying, enabling self-sustained indoor communication. A movable waveguide-mounted pinching antenna (PA) further improves indoor coverage by adapting its position to the prop- agation environment. For outdoor transmission, zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming suppresses inter-group interference, while power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) supports multiple users within each group. We maximize the outdoor weighted sum rate (WSR) while satisfying stringent indoor and outdoor quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. The resulting nonconvex problem jointly optimizes the BS power fraction, SWIPT power-splitting ratio, PA position, and NOMA power allocation. To obtain an efficient solution, we develop a two-stage method based on alternating optimization (AO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Numerical results show that the proposed architecture improves outdoor spectral efficiency while maintaining reliable, energy-sustainable indoor coverage. Increasing the BS array size further raises the indoor QoS- satisfaction probability toward unity, even under demanding rate targets.
ER -