Retrofitting a commercial RF induction generator into a computer-controlled, vacuum and gas integrated annealing system for reactive-metal grain growth
Abstract
High-temperature vacuum annealing near a metal's melting point drives controlled grain growth, but it normally requires an expensive turn-key vacuum induction furnace. We retrofit a bare commercial radio frequency (RF) induction generator with computer power control through LabVIEW, dual-wavelength optical temperature feedback, and a high-vacuum quartz-tube chamber with inert-gas backfill. A machined graphite crucible doubles as a susceptor, an RF-absorbing element that heats the specimen it encloses. The only requirement is a monotonic analog power-control input, so the retrofit transfers between generators. Our reference build uses a 6 kW solid-state generator. Surprisingly, nickel annealed in this system produced high-quality electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with zero specimen preparation. Samples went directly from the furnace to the electron microscope without grinding, polishing, or etching. The EBSD maps indexed hundreds of equiaxed grains delineated by deep thermal grooves. A modified sample assembly extends the furnace to ceramics that do not couple to the RF field. It coarsened yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) grains in 45 min at 2500°, compared with 228h at 1600° in a conventional box furnace. For a fixed configuration, the power-temperature calibration is linear (R2 = 0.991) from 1200 to 1400°. Eight 12h nickel anneals at 1200° reproduced their soak temperature to 1201.2 ± 1.3°, and 40h soaks at 1325° remained stable. Complete design files, a bill of materials, control software, and data are openly available. This gives laboratories an affordable route to near-melting-point annealing with direct anneal-to-EBSD characterization.
Related
- Integrated gain-controlled semiconductor optical amplifier for input-power range extension in 100 Gb/s upstream PON receiver applications
- The Temporal Generator: The Fourth Generator of the Standard Model Gauge Algebra
- [SUPERSEDED] Aegis and MetroVolt: A Deuterium-Helium-3 Tandem-Mirror Generator
- Highly stable fiber-optic frequency transfer based on electrical frequency comb generator
- Pythia-Contrib: a modular contribution framework for the Pythia 8 event generator
BibTeX
@misc{baird2026retrofitting,
title = {{Retrofitting a commercial RF induction generator into a computer-controlled, vacuum and gas integrated annealing system for reactive-metal grain growth}},
author = {Sterling G. Baird and Ryan Weber and Christopher Nyborg and Ronald Guymon and Gage Erickson and Oliver K. Johnson},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.22118},
eprint = {2609.22118},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22118},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Retrofitting a commercial RF induction generator into a computer-controlled, vacuum and gas integrated annealing system for reactive-metal grain growth
AU - Sterling G. Baird
AU - Ryan Weber
AU - Christopher Nyborg
AU - Ronald Guymon
AU - Gage Erickson
AU - Oliver K. Johnson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.22118
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22118
AB - High-temperature vacuum annealing near a metal's melting point drives controlled grain growth, but it normally requires an expensive turn-key vacuum induction furnace. We retrofit a bare commercial radio frequency (RF) induction generator with computer power control through LabVIEW, dual-wavelength optical temperature feedback, and a high-vacuum quartz-tube chamber with inert-gas backfill. A machined graphite crucible doubles as a susceptor, an RF-absorbing element that heats the specimen it encloses. The only requirement is a monotonic analog power-control input, so the retrofit transfers between generators. Our reference build uses a 6 kW solid-state generator. Surprisingly, nickel annealed in this system produced high-quality electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with zero specimen preparation. Samples went directly from the furnace to the electron microscope without grinding, polishing, or etching. The EBSD maps indexed hundreds of equiaxed grains delineated by deep thermal grooves. A modified sample assembly extends the furnace to ceramics that do not couple to the RF field. It coarsened yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) grains in 45 min at 2500°, compared with 228h at 1600° in a conventional box furnace. For a fixed configuration, the power-temperature calibration is linear (R^2 = 0.991) from 1200 to 1400°. Eight 12h nickel anneals at 1200° reproduced their soak temperature to 1201.2 ± 1.3°, and 40h soaks at 1325° remained stable. Complete design files, a bill of materials, control software, and data are openly available. This gives laboratories an affordable route to near-melting-point annealing with direct anneal-to-EBSD characterization.
ER -