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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Earth and Space Science

Empirical Parameterizations of ULF Power and Drift Orbit Averaged Radial Diffusion Coefficients From Ground Magnetometers for Different MLT

  • S. Dimitrakoudis1
  • G. Balasis2
  • A. Z. Boutsi1,2
  • I. A. Daglis1
  • C. Papadimitriou1,2
  • C. Katsavrias1
  • M. Georgiou1
  • J. Lichtenberger3,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens ‐ Panepistimiopolis Athens Greece
  2. 2Institute for Astronomy Astrophysics Space Applications and Remote Sensing National Observatory of Athens ‐ Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou St. Athens Greece
  3. 3Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
  4. 4Institute for Electrophysics/SpaceLab Óbuda University Budapest Hungary
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Abstract

Radial diffusion, driven by ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, is an important process for the transport of electrons in the outer radiation belt. Ground magnetometers give us constant observations of such ULF waves but their usefulness is limited by the models used to transform ground measurements into their progenitor fields in space. A typical assumption is that of a dipole field, and so measurements can only be reliably performed during the day. We have chosen a series of 17 magnetometer stations at different sets of geomagnetic latitudes, with stations in each set separated by several hours in longitude, and compared their Pc5 (1.67–6.67 mHz) ULF power measurements, and the resulting calculated radial diffusion coefficients, from 11 years of their data. By comparing the mismatch of their results when they were in different time sectors, and for different values of Kp, we were able to assess the median deviation of measurements conducted before dawn or after dusk with those on the day side. This will be useful for projects requiring a longitudinally limited array of magnetometers, such as FARBES (Forecast of Actionable Radiation Belt Scenarios), or for parts of the world where such coverage is limited.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{dimitrakoudis2026empirical,
  title = {{Empirical Parameterizations of ULF Power and Drift Orbit Averaged Radial Diffusion Coefficients From Ground Magnetometers for Different MLT}},
  author = {S. Dimitrakoudis and G. Balasis and A. Z. Boutsi and I. A. Daglis and C. Papadimitriou and C. Katsavrias and M. Georgiou and J. Lichtenberger},
  journal = {Earth and Space Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1029/2025ea004780},
  url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025EA004780},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Empirical Parameterizations of ULF Power and Drift Orbit Averaged Radial Diffusion Coefficients From Ground Magnetometers for Different MLT
AU  - S. Dimitrakoudis
AU  - G. Balasis
AU  - A. Z. Boutsi
AU  - I. A. Daglis
AU  - C. Papadimitriou
AU  - C. Katsavrias
AU  - M. Georgiou
AU  - J. Lichtenberger
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/31
JO  - Earth and Space Science
DO  - 10.1029/2025ea004780
UR  - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025EA004780
AB  - Radial diffusion, driven by ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, is an important process for the transport of electrons in the outer radiation belt. Ground magnetometers give us constant observations of such ULF waves but their usefulness is limited by the models used to transform ground measurements into their progenitor fields in space. A typical assumption is that of a dipole field, and so measurements can only be reliably performed during the day. We have chosen a series of 17 magnetometer stations at different sets of geomagnetic latitudes, with stations in each set separated by several hours in longitude, and compared their Pc5 (1.67–6.67 mHz) ULF power measurements, and the resulting calculated radial diffusion coefficients, from 11 years of their data. By comparing the mismatch of their results when they were in different time sectors, and for different values of Kp, we were able to assess the median deviation of measurements conducted before dawn or after dusk with those on the day side. This will be useful for projects requiring a longitudinally limited array of magnetometers, such as FARBES (Forecast of Actionable Radiation Belt Scenarios), or for parts of the world where such coverage is limited.
SN  - 2333-5084
SN  - 2333-5084
ER  -