A Poisson-bracket operator for Hamiltonian separability: intrinsic geometry and exact defects
Abstract
Additive separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation depends on the Hamiltonian and on the canonical variables, and this paper introduces a five-input Poisson-bracket operator whose values on canonical pairs reproduce the Levi-Civita separability expressions. On a symplectic product structure its off-diagonal values are intrinsic, since they equal a symplectic pairing of the sector Hamiltonian fields and measure the Frobenius obstruction of a Lagrangian distribution, and their vanishing yields a local separation theorem. Because the operator is cubic in the Hamiltonian, its perturbation expansion is exact and defines a linearised separability operator and a defect functional. For Hamiltonians with a cyclic angle, the linearised operator divided by the squared rotor frequency is an angle derivative of the Melnikov integrand, so that the defect integrated along a homoclinic orbit decides the first-order splitting of the separatrix. Closed-form defects are obtained for the polar-nodal normal forms of satellite theory and, through a covariance of the operator on level sets, for Kerr geodesics. Used for coordinate selection, the defect singles out the separating focal distance of the Euler two-centre problem as its unique nondegenerate minimum, and for axisymmetric potentials it shows that the prescriptions of Sanders and Vasiliev are two weightings of the same Stäckel residual. The residual selector and Binney's shell-orbit fit improve both actions over the median prescription for 48 and 50 of 50 orbits in a flattened logarithmic potential, whereas the operator selector lowers the 90th-percentile action spread of 50 orbits in a Miyamoto-Nagai potential from 2.90% to 0.91%.
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BibTeX
@misc{martinusi2026poissonbracket,
title = {{A Poisson-bracket operator for Hamiltonian separability: intrinsic geometry and exact defects}},
author = {Vladimir Martinusi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.12015},
eprint = {2611.12015},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.12015},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Poisson-bracket operator for Hamiltonian separability: intrinsic geometry and exact defects
AU - Vladimir Martinusi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/09
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.12015
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.12015
AB - Additive separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation depends on the Hamiltonian and on the canonical variables, and this paper introduces a five-input Poisson-bracket operator whose values on canonical pairs reproduce the Levi-Civita separability expressions. On a symplectic product structure its off-diagonal values are intrinsic, since they equal a symplectic pairing of the sector Hamiltonian fields and measure the Frobenius obstruction of a Lagrangian distribution, and their vanishing yields a local separation theorem. Because the operator is cubic in the Hamiltonian, its perturbation expansion is exact and defines a linearised separability operator and a defect functional. For Hamiltonians with a cyclic angle, the linearised operator divided by the squared rotor frequency is an angle derivative of the Melnikov integrand, so that the defect integrated along a homoclinic orbit decides the first-order splitting of the separatrix. Closed-form defects are obtained for the polar-nodal normal forms of satellite theory and, through a covariance of the operator on level sets, for Kerr geodesics. Used for coordinate selection, the defect singles out the separating focal distance of the Euler two-centre problem as its unique nondegenerate minimum, and for axisymmetric potentials it shows that the prescriptions of Sanders and Vasiliev are two weightings of the same Stäckel residual. The residual selector and Binney's shell-orbit fit improve both actions over the median prescription for 48 and 50 of 50 orbits in a flattened logarithmic potential, whereas the operator selector lowers the 90th-percentile action spread of 50 orbits in a Miyamoto-Nagai potential from 2.90% to 0.91%.
ER -