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Peer-reviewedCC BYProceedings. Biological sciences

An integrated gut phage catalogue of nonhuman primates reveals functional adaptation to host ecology and evolutionary link to humans

  • Shengzhi Yang1
  • Lei Jin2
  • Wenwen Deng3
  • Hongtao Xiao1
  • Yongfang Yao1
  • Meng Xie1
  • Huailiang Xu1
  • LiKou Zou2
  1. 1College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
  2. 2College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
  3. 3Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA) on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract

Nonhuman primates (NHPs), the closest evolutionary relatives of humans, are pivotal models for biomedical and ecological research. Gut phage are recognized as critical modulators of gut microbial communities; however, comprehensive insight into gut phage of NHPs is lacking. We used gut metagenomes spanning 25 NHP species and constructed an integrated gut phage catalogue (IGPC) comprising 11 389 nonredundant phage genomes. Our results revealed that the composition and function of NHP gut phage were significantly influenced by host clade, dietary niche and lifestyle. Host clade exerted a stronger influence than dietary niche on gut phage diversity. The lifestyle of NHPs influenced gut phage diversity and altered auxiliary metabolic gene profiles for different NHP species. Comparatively, 78.5% of IGPC phages were detected in human guts, with higher prevalence in nonindustrialized human guts. crAss-like phage—the most prevalent human-associated phage—were abundant in NHP guts, while exhibiting distinct evolutionary differences from crAss-like phage of humans. These findings comprehensively characterize the gut phageome of NHPs, revealing NHP host-driven and environment-driven functional adaptations, and provide an evolutionary understanding of the gut phageome between NHPs and humans.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yang2026integrated,
  title = {{An integrated gut phage catalogue of nonhuman primates reveals functional adaptation to host ecology and evolutionary link to humans}},
  author = {Shengzhi Yang and Lei Jin and Wenwen Deng and Hongtao Xiao and Yongfang Yao and Meng Xie and Huailiang Xu and LiKou Zou},
  journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1098/rspb.2026.0827},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13730807},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - An integrated gut phage catalogue of nonhuman primates reveals functional adaptation to host ecology and evolutionary link to humans
AU  - Shengzhi Yang
AU  - Lei Jin
AU  - Wenwen Deng
AU  - Hongtao Xiao
AU  - Yongfang Yao
AU  - Meng Xie
AU  - Huailiang Xu
AU  - LiKou Zou
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/04
JO  - Proceedings. Biological sciences
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.2026.0827
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13730807
AB  - Nonhuman primates (NHPs), the closest evolutionary relatives of humans, are pivotal models for biomedical and ecological research. Gut phage are recognized as critical modulators of gut microbial communities; however, comprehensive insight into gut phage of NHPs is lacking. We used gut metagenomes spanning 25 NHP species and constructed an integrated gut phage catalogue (IGPC) comprising 11 389 nonredundant phage genomes. Our results revealed that the composition and function of NHP gut phage were significantly influenced by host clade, dietary niche and lifestyle. Host clade exerted a stronger influence than dietary niche on gut phage diversity. The lifestyle of NHPs influenced gut phage diversity and altered auxiliary metabolic gene profiles for different NHP species. Comparatively, 78.5% of IGPC phages were detected in human guts, with higher prevalence in nonindustrialized human guts. crAss-like phage—the most prevalent human-associated phage—were abundant in NHP guts, while exhibiting distinct evolutionary differences from crAss-like phage of humans. These findings comprehensively characterize the gut phageome of NHPs, revealing NHP host-driven and environment-driven functional adaptations, and provide an evolutionary understanding of the gut phageome between NHPs and humans.
SN  - 0962-8452
SN  - 1471-2954
ER  -