General Form Factors from String Amplitudes

Abstract

We extend the string-amplitude construction of single-insertion form factors to multiple operator insertions carrying independent off-shell momenta. By deforming the bulk closed-string punctures onto the open-string boundary, we establish a relation between stringy general form factors and scattering amplitudes. Using this relation, we evaluate the field-theory limit and find that the resulting form factors receive contributions from both separate operator insertions and local contact terms. Furthermore, we uncover several hidden structures of stringy general form factors at finite α': $2$-splits and hidden zeros analogous to those of scattering amplitudes, bulk zeros specific to form factors, and a decoupling split unique to multiple insertions.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{cao2026general,
  title = {{General Form Factors from String Amplitudes}},
  author = {Qu Cao and Liang Zhang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.02730},
  eprint = {2611.02730},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02730},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - General Form Factors from String Amplitudes
AU  - Qu Cao
AU  - Liang Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.02730
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02730
AB  - We extend the string-amplitude construction of single-insertion form factors to multiple operator insertions carrying independent off-shell momenta. By deforming the bulk closed-string punctures onto the open-string boundary, we establish a relation between stringy general form factors and scattering amplitudes. Using this relation, we evaluate the field-theory limit and find that the resulting form factors receive contributions from both separate operator insertions and local contact terms. Furthermore, we uncover several hidden structures of stringy general form factors at finite α': $2$-splits and hidden zeros analogous to those of scattering amplitudes, bulk zeros specific to form factors, and a decoupling split unique to multiple insertions.
ER  -

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