A Second-Order Maximum-Bound-Preserving and Energy-Stable Exponential Time-Differencing Method for Allen--Cahn-Type Gradient Flows
Abstract
The energy dissipation law and the maximum bound principle (MBP) are two important physical features of the well-known Allen--Cahn equation. In this paper, we develop and analyze novel second-order linear numerical schemes for a class of Allen--Cahn type gradient flows. Our scheme is based on the generalized scalar auxiliary variable (GSAV) approach and a novel second-order exponential time-differencing Runge--Kutta (ETDRK2) method. The resulting formulation overcomes a longstanding difficulty in combining these two techniques while retaining both the MBP and energy stability. We prove that the proposed scheme unconditionally preserves both the MBP and energy stability. In addition, rigorous error analysis is carried out for the proposed scheme, establishing second-order accuracy in both time and space without imposing any coupling condition between the time step τ and the spatial mesh size h. We also present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme and its preservation of the theoretical properties.
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BibTeX
@misc{hu2026secondorder,
title = {{A Second-Order Maximum-Bound-Preserving and Energy-Stable Exponential Time-Differencing Method for Allen--Cahn-Type Gradient Flows}},
author = {Wenshuai Hu and Guanghua Ji and Xiao Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.21820},
eprint = {2609.21820},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21820},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Second-Order Maximum-Bound-Preserving and Energy-Stable Exponential Time-Differencing Method for Allen--Cahn-Type Gradient Flows
AU - Wenshuai Hu
AU - Guanghua Ji
AU - Xiao Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.21820
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21820
AB - The energy dissipation law and the maximum bound principle (MBP) are two important physical features of the well-known Allen--Cahn equation. In this paper, we develop and analyze novel second-order linear numerical schemes for a class of Allen--Cahn type gradient flows. Our scheme is based on the generalized scalar auxiliary variable (GSAV) approach and a novel second-order exponential time-differencing Runge--Kutta (ETDRK2) method. The resulting formulation overcomes a longstanding difficulty in combining these two techniques while retaining both the MBP and energy stability. We prove that the proposed scheme unconditionally preserves both the MBP and energy stability. In addition, rigorous error analysis is carried out for the proposed scheme, establishing second-order accuracy in both time and space without imposing any coupling condition between the time step τ and the spatial mesh size h. We also present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme and its preservation of the theoretical properties.
ER -