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PreprintCC BYbioRxiv

Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery and enhanced humoral immune responses

  • N. Chaudhary
  • H. J. Coleman
  • E. V. Paolone
  • J. Yu
  • A. W. Ledbetter
  • A. A. Lemnios
  • A. A. Walsh
  • H. Suh
  • A. Wang
  • M. M. Mansoor
  • J. B. Giancola
  • M. B. Melo
9 more authors
  • A. M. Rauch
  • E. S. Langsfeld
  • U. R. Parlikar
  • M. O. Pacheco
  • C. A. Williams
  • H. H. Funke
  • R. L. Garcea
  • T. W. Randolph
  • D. J. Irvine1
  1. 1The Scripps Research Institute
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Abstract

Technologies that simplify complex dosing regimens as single-shot immunizations may be important for vaccines against difficult to neutralize pathogens. Here we characterized delivery mechanisms of core-shell microparticles comprising clinically-relevant HIV immunogen formulations spray-dried to form solid spherical microparticles and subsequently coated with a nanoscopic alumina shell using atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD particles exhibited a time delay in antigen release programmed by the alumina shell followed by prolonged antigen release, which steadily accumulated in antigen-presenting cells at the injection site and draining lymph nodes and accumulated on follicular dendritic cells in B cell follicles. ALD vaccines elicited continuous expansion of antigen-specific germinal center B cells over 8 weeks, serum antibody responses with >10-fold slower antigen-binding off-rates, and 2-fold more long-lived plasma cells compared to traditional bolus vaccination with potent adjuvants. Single administration ALD technology thus promotes key events in the primary immune response important for vaccines against HIV and other challenging pathogens.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{chaudhary2026atomic,
  title = {{Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery and enhanced humoral immune responses}},
  author = {N. Chaudhary and H. J. Coleman and E. V. Paolone and J. Yu and A. W. Ledbetter and A. A. Lemnios and A. A. Walsh and H. Suh and A. Wang and M. M. Mansoor and J. B. Giancola and M. B. Melo and A. M. Rauch and E. S. Langsfeld and U. R. Parlikar and M. O. Pacheco and C. A. Williams and H. H. Funke and R. L. Garcea and T. W. Randolph and D. J. Irvine},
  howpublished = {bioRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.64898/2026.05.29.728600},
  url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728600v2},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery and enhanced humoral immune responses
AU  - N. Chaudhary
AU  - H. J. Coleman
AU  - E. V. Paolone
AU  - J. Yu
AU  - A. W. Ledbetter
AU  - A. A. Lemnios
AU  - A. A. Walsh
AU  - H. Suh
AU  - A. Wang
AU  - M. M. Mansoor
AU  - J. B. Giancola
AU  - M. B. Melo
AU  - A. M. Rauch
AU  - E. S. Langsfeld
AU  - U. R. Parlikar
AU  - M. O. Pacheco
AU  - C. A. Williams
AU  - H. H. Funke
AU  - R. L. Garcea
AU  - T. W. Randolph
AU  - D. J. Irvine
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/29
PB  - bioRxiv
DO  - 10.64898/2026.05.29.728600
UR  - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.29.728600v2
AB  - Technologies that simplify complex dosing regimens as single-shot immunizations may be important for vaccines against difficult to neutralize pathogens. Here we characterized delivery mechanisms of core-shell microparticles comprising clinically-relevant HIV immunogen formulations spray-dried to form solid spherical microparticles and subsequently coated with a nanoscopic alumina shell using atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD particles exhibited a time delay in antigen release programmed by the alumina shell followed by prolonged antigen release, which steadily accumulated in antigen-presenting cells at the injection site and draining lymph nodes and accumulated on follicular dendritic cells in B cell follicles. ALD vaccines elicited continuous expansion of antigen-specific germinal center B cells over 8 weeks, serum antibody responses with >10-fold slower antigen-binding off-rates, and 2-fold more long-lived plasma cells compared to traditional bolus vaccination with potent adjuvants. Single administration ALD technology thus promotes key events in the primary immune response important for vaccines against HIV and other challenging pathogens.
ER  -