Future Muon Physics Experiments: Muon Beams and Experimental Apparatus
Abstract
Muons are powerful probes of fundamental physics at the precision and intensity frontiers. We review the status and planned upgrades of muon-beam facilities worldwide, together with the experimental apparatus required across three experimental categories. Charged-lepton flavor violation (CLFV) searches test charged-lepton flavor conservation through rare muon decays, muon-to-electron conversion in nuclei, and muonium--antimuonium conversion. Precision measurements of the muon magnetic and electric dipole moments, muonium spectroscopy, and muonic-atom spectroscopy test the Standard Model and bound-state QED and determine fundamental constants and nuclear charge and magnetization distributions. Muon-scattering programs include the MUonE determination of hadronic vacuum polarization, NA64μ missing-momentum searches for invisible dark sectors, and the phased PKMu program, which investigates muonphilic dark matter, light mediators, LFV muon--electron processes, and atomic effects in resonant annihilation. We emphasize the beam intensity, timing, purity, and phase-space control, as well as beamline and detector design, background suppression, and experimental techniques needed to achieve next-generation sensitivity and precision.
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BibTeX
@misc{yuan2026future,
title = {{Future Muon Physics Experiments: Muon Beams and Experimental Apparatus}},
author = {Yi Yuan and Leyun Gao and Jian Tang and Qiang Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.25943},
eprint = {2609.25943},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25943},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Future Muon Physics Experiments: Muon Beams and Experimental Apparatus
AU - Yi Yuan
AU - Leyun Gao
AU - Jian Tang
AU - Qiang Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.25943
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25943
AB - Muons are powerful probes of fundamental physics at the precision and intensity frontiers. We review the status and planned upgrades of muon-beam facilities worldwide, together with the experimental apparatus required across three experimental categories. Charged-lepton flavor violation (CLFV) searches test charged-lepton flavor conservation through rare muon decays, muon-to-electron conversion in nuclei, and muonium--antimuonium conversion. Precision measurements of the muon magnetic and electric dipole moments, muonium spectroscopy, and muonic-atom spectroscopy test the Standard Model and bound-state QED and determine fundamental constants and nuclear charge and magnetization distributions. Muon-scattering programs include the MUonE determination of hadronic vacuum polarization, NA64μ missing-momentum searches for invisible dark sectors, and the phased PKMu program, which investigates muonphilic dark matter, light mediators, LFV muon--electron processes, and atomic effects in resonant annihilation. We emphasize the beam intensity, timing, purity, and phase-space control, as well as beamline and detector design, background suppression, and experimental techniques needed to achieve next-generation sensitivity and precision.
ER -