Clinical Stage-Specific Alteration of hsa-miR-424-5p in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles from Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection to Progression of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis.
7 affiliations
- 1Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
- 3Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- 4The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- 5Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- 6Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- 7Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus responsible for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) in cattle. Previous studies indicated that increased levels of the miRNA hsa-miR-424-5p in milk small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may serve as an EBL biomarker in cattle; however, its alteration across the clinical stages of BLV infection to the onset of EBL remains unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic potential of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs across distinct clinical stages of BLV infection to EBL onset. qPCR analysis showed that the abundance of hsa-miR-424-5p was lower in milk sEVs from BLV-infected cattle with low and high proviral load (LPVL and HPVL) compared to BLV-uninfected healthy cattle (Control), but was not significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, the abundance of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs was significantly higher in EBL cattle than in the Control and HPVL cattle (p < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse association between hsa-miR-424-5p and the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase 2 + 3 (r = -0.28, p < 0.001), whereas no significant correlations were observed with other parameters. hsa-miR-424-5p showed the highest discriminative performance in distinguishing BLV-infected cattle from EBL cattle (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.71), followed by Control vs. BLV (AUC = 0.63), indicating statistically meaningful biomarker utility across disease stages. These findings suggest that the amount of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs increases during the progression from the late stage of BLV infection to EBL onset, demonstrating that hsa-miR-424-5p may serve as a part of the biomarker panel for monitoring BLV progression and predicting EBL onset.
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BibTeX
@article{rahman2026clinical,
title = {{Clinical Stage-Specific Alteration of hsa-miR-424-5p in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles from Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection to Progression of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis.}},
author = {Md Matiur Rahman and Shota Moriyasu and Yuji O Kamatari and Ayaka Okada and Yasuo Inoshima},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/ani16192976},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882945},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Clinical Stage-Specific Alteration of hsa-miR-424-5p in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles from Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection to Progression of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis.
AU - Md Matiur Rahman
AU - Shota Moriyasu
AU - Yuji O Kamatari
AU - Ayaka Okada
AU - Yasuo Inoshima
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
JO - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
DO - 10.3390/ani16192976
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882945
AB - Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus responsible for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) in cattle. Previous studies indicated that increased levels of the miRNA hsa-miR-424-5p in milk small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may serve as an EBL biomarker in cattle; however, its alteration across the clinical stages of BLV infection to the onset of EBL remains unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic potential of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs across distinct clinical stages of BLV infection to EBL onset. qPCR analysis showed that the abundance of hsa-miR-424-5p was lower in milk sEVs from BLV-infected cattle with low and high proviral load (LPVL and HPVL) compared to BLV-uninfected healthy cattle (Control), but was not significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, the abundance of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs was significantly higher in EBL cattle than in the Control and HPVL cattle (p < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse association between hsa-miR-424-5p and the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase 2 + 3 (r = -0.28, p < 0.001), whereas no significant correlations were observed with other parameters. hsa-miR-424-5p showed the highest discriminative performance in distinguishing BLV-infected cattle from EBL cattle (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.71), followed by Control vs. BLV (AUC = 0.63), indicating statistically meaningful biomarker utility across disease stages. These findings suggest that the amount of hsa-miR-424-5p in milk sEVs increases during the progression from the late stage of BLV infection to EBL onset, demonstrating that hsa-miR-424-5p may serve as a part of the biomarker panel for monitoring BLV progression and predicting EBL onset.
SN - 2076-2615
ER -