Artifacts of orthodontic materials on cone beam computed tomography images.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
- 2Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye. [email protected].
- 3Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye.
- 4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the artifact expression of various materials used in orthodontic treatment on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. It was hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) printing resins and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), owing to their relatively low density and low effective atomic number, would generate fewer artifacts than conventional materials.Methods
Ten orthodontic materials and an empty phantom control (Temporary CB, Permanent Crown, Biomed Clear, Glass Ionomer Cement, Composite, Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, PEEK, Titanium Grade 2, Stainless Steel, and Monolithic Zirconia) were placed in a phantom model and scanned using the Planmeca ProMax 3D system. Each material was scanned three times, and grayscale standard deviation was measured in eight peripheral regions of interest (ROIs) per scan. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05), supplemented by scan-level and mixed-effects sensitivity analyses to account for the non-independence of ROIs within the same scan.Results
A statistically significant difference in artifact expression was observed among the materials (P < 0.001). The lowest artifact expression was found in Biomed Clear (BC) and PEEK, whereas the highest artifact expression was observed in stainless steel (SS). Both PEEK and BC produced significantly fewer artifacts than many conventional materials. The scan-level and mixed-effects sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the primary findings.Conclusions
BC and PEEK materials produced significantly lower artifact expression than conventional metallic and ceramic materials in CBCT imaging, potentially contributing to improved image quality. However, the present study evaluated grayscale standard deviation only; further studies assessing diagnostic performance (e.g., sensitivity/specificity) are required to determine whether the observed reduction in artifact expression translates into improved clinical diagnostic accuracy.
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BibTeX
@article{guller2026artifacts,
title = {{Artifacts of orthodontic materials on cone beam computed tomography images.}},
author = {Mustafa Taha Guller and Yavuz Selim Genç and Muhammed Enes Naralan and Alper Ozdogan},
journal = {BMC oral health},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12903-026-09387-z},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897515},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Artifacts of orthodontic materials on cone beam computed tomography images.
AU - Mustafa Taha Guller
AU - Yavuz Selim Genç
AU - Muhammed Enes Naralan
AU - Alper Ozdogan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC oral health
DO - 10.1186/s12903-026-09387-z
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897515
AB - Background This study aimed to compare the artifact expression of various materials used in orthodontic treatment on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. It was hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) printing resins and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), owing to their relatively low density and low effective atomic number, would generate fewer artifacts than conventional materials.Methods Ten orthodontic materials and an empty phantom control (Temporary CB, Permanent Crown, Biomed Clear, Glass Ionomer Cement, Composite, Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, PEEK, Titanium Grade 2, Stainless Steel, and Monolithic Zirconia) were placed in a phantom model and scanned using the Planmeca ProMax 3D system. Each material was scanned three times, and grayscale standard deviation was measured in eight peripheral regions of interest (ROIs) per scan. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05), supplemented by scan-level and mixed-effects sensitivity analyses to account for the non-independence of ROIs within the same scan.Results A statistically significant difference in artifact expression was observed among the materials (P < 0.001). The lowest artifact expression was found in Biomed Clear (BC) and PEEK, whereas the highest artifact expression was observed in stainless steel (SS). Both PEEK and BC produced significantly fewer artifacts than many conventional materials. The scan-level and mixed-effects sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the primary findings.Conclusions BC and PEEK materials produced significantly lower artifact expression than conventional metallic and ceramic materials in CBCT imaging, potentially contributing to improved image quality. However, the present study evaluated grayscale standard deviation only; further studies assessing diagnostic performance (e.g., sensitivity/specificity) are required to determine whether the observed reduction in artifact expression translates into improved clinical diagnostic accuracy.
SN - 1472-6831
ER -