Dance as a double-edged sword: physiological adaptations, injury risks and therapeutic potential
Abstract
Dance is a complex physical activity with high biomechanical and artistic demands that cause repetitive stress on the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiorespiratory systems. Dance induces physiological adaptations in children and adults, including bone remodelling, improved muscle strength and neuromuscular control, enhanced balance and flexibility, lower limb morphological adaptations and changes in body composition. However, it is also associated with a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, predominantly affecting the lower limbs, owing to overuse mechanisms such as sprains, muscle injuries, fractures, stress fractures and soft tissue damage. Growth periods, cumulative training load, technical constraints (eg, pointe shoes, specific footwear, hard surfaces) and individual factors such as joint hypermobility, low energy availability and low body mass index may increase injury risk, potentially affecting performance and quality of life. Acute injuries during professional performances are often recognised as work-related, whereas those sustained during training or rehearsals and chronic conditions related to prolonged practice lack occupational recognition. Emerging observations suggest that dance therapy may offer benefits for certain chronic musculoskeletal conditions, particularly fibromyalgia, although evidence remains limited. This narrative review synthesises the physiological adaptations to dance, the spectrum of dance-related musculoskeletal injuries, associated risk factors and the available data supporting dance as a non-pharmacological intervention. The findings reported herein should be interpreted in light of several limitations, including the narrative design, heterogeneity across studies, small observational samples, inconsistent definitions, potential publication bias and regional variability in practice conditions.
⇒ This narrative review summarises the physiological adaptations associated with dance, the spectrum of dance-related musculoskeletal injuries and their associated risk factors, and evidence supporting dance as a non-pharmacological intervention.
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BibTeX
@article{hinojosaazaola2026dance,
title = {{Dance as a double-edged sword: physiological adaptations, injury risks and therapeutic potential}},
author = {Andrea Hinojosa-Azaola and Emma Renoult and Lise Lam-Briand and Jasmine Pochart and Brice Loddé and Alain Saraux},
journal = {RMD Open},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1136/rmdopen-2026-006937},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05769341v1},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dance as a double-edged sword: physiological adaptations, injury risks and therapeutic potential
AU - Andrea Hinojosa-Azaola
AU - Emma Renoult
AU - Lise Lam-Briand
AU - Jasmine Pochart
AU - Brice Loddé
AU - Alain Saraux
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/28
JO - RMD Open
DO - 10.1136/rmdopen-2026-006937
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05769341v1
AB - Dance is a complex physical activity with high biomechanical and artistic demands that cause repetitive stress on the musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiorespiratory systems. Dance induces physiological adaptations in children and adults, including bone remodelling, improved muscle strength and neuromuscular control, enhanced balance and flexibility, lower limb morphological adaptations and changes in body composition. However, it is also associated with a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, predominantly affecting the lower limbs, owing to overuse mechanisms such as sprains, muscle injuries, fractures, stress fractures and soft tissue damage. Growth periods, cumulative training load, technical constraints (eg, pointe shoes, specific footwear, hard surfaces) and individual factors such as joint hypermobility, low energy availability and low body mass index may increase injury risk, potentially affecting performance and quality of life. Acute injuries during professional performances are often recognised as work-related, whereas those sustained during training or rehearsals and chronic conditions related to prolonged practice lack occupational recognition. Emerging observations suggest that dance therapy may offer benefits for certain chronic musculoskeletal conditions, particularly fibromyalgia, although evidence remains limited. This narrative review synthesises the physiological adaptations to dance, the spectrum of dance-related musculoskeletal injuries, associated risk factors and the available data supporting dance as a non-pharmacological intervention. The findings reported herein should be interpreted in light of several limitations, including the narrative design, heterogeneity across studies, small observational samples, inconsistent definitions, potential publication bias and regional variability in practice conditions. ⇒ This narrative review summarises the physiological adaptations associated with dance, the spectrum of dance-related musculoskeletal injuries and their associated risk factors, and evidence supporting dance as a non-pharmacological intervention.
SN - 2056-5933
ER -