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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Nature Communications

Approaching Landauer’s limit in a single superconducting vortex memory bit

  • Nofar Fridman1,2
  • Itai Keren1,2
  • Avia Noah3
  • Yishay Zur1,2
  • Martin E. Huber4
  • Nadav Katz1,2,5
  • Roland Willa6,7,8
  • Hadar Steinberg1,2
  • Yonathan Anahory1,2
8 affiliations
  1. 1The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
  2. 2Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
  3. 3Faculty of Engineering, Ruppin Academic Center, Monash, Israel
  4. 4Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA
  5. 5Qarakal Quantum Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
  6. 6Institute of Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, rue de l’Industrie, Sion, Switzerland
  7. 7Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
  8. 8Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract

This work investigates the energy required to manipulate a memory bit using a superconducting vortex confined in a nanoscale double-well pinning potential. In the experiments, various double-well systems subjected to sinusoidal forces is explored, and the effects of both driving force and frequency is analyzed. Results reveal characteristic stochastic resonance behavior for weak drives and adiabatic manipulation at strong, low-frequency drives. Although our experimental method requires a steady sinusoidal drive incompatible with Landauer’s erasure protocol, our numerical analysis demonstrates that the work required for such bit manipulation (erasure) is within an order of magnitude of Landauer’s limit (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}kBTln2\end{document}kBTln2) at 4.2 K. These findings open possibilities for creating highly efficient memory elements that could be integrated with cryogenic quantum circuits or function as topological quantum computing qubits; thereby contributing to memory devices with lower energy consumption and mitigating the escalating global energy demand in the computing industry.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{fridman2026approaching,
  title = {{Approaching Landauer’s limit in a single superconducting vortex memory bit}},
  author = {Nofar Fridman and Itai Keren and Avia Noah and Yishay Zur and Martin E. Huber and Nadav Katz and Roland Willa and Hadar Steinberg and Yonathan Anahory},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-77988-x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77988-x},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Approaching Landauer’s limit in a single superconducting vortex memory bit
AU  - Nofar Fridman
AU  - Itai Keren
AU  - Avia Noah
AU  - Yishay Zur
AU  - Martin E. Huber
AU  - Nadav Katz
AU  - Roland Willa
AU  - Hadar Steinberg
AU  - Yonathan Anahory
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/24
JO  - Nature Communications
DO  - 10.1038/s41467-026-77988-x
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77988-x
AB  - This work investigates the energy required to manipulate a memory bit using a superconducting vortex confined in a nanoscale double-well pinning potential. In the experiments, various double-well systems subjected to sinusoidal forces is explored, and the effects of both driving force and frequency is analyzed. Results reveal characteristic stochastic resonance behavior for weak drives and adiabatic manipulation at strong, low-frequency drives. Although our experimental method requires a steady sinusoidal drive incompatible with Landauer’s erasure protocol, our numerical analysis demonstrates that the work required for such bit manipulation (erasure) is within an order of magnitude of Landauer’s limit (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}k_BTln2\end{document}kBTln2) at 4.2 K. These findings open possibilities for creating highly efficient memory elements that could be integrated with cryogenic quantum circuits or function as topological quantum computing qubits; thereby contributing to memory devices with lower energy consumption and mitigating the escalating global energy demand in the computing industry.
SN  - 2041-1723
ER  -