Remaking “The Unconscious” Paradigm, Act I: …The Gap” Between Subliminal Processing and the Unconscious “Mind…
Abstract
The notion of subliminal processing often refers to perception that takes place below the threshold of conscious visual awareness. This is suggested to lead to behavioural and emotional changes with spontaneous and actionable evolutionary-survival and/or social-adaptation response value. Therefore, it has been suggested that the presentation of imperceptible visual elicitors can lead to responses, such as skin-conductance and heart-rate, and facial-emotional, and participant behavioural and self-report changes without conscious awareness. In a series of experiments, we disproved this theory. We showed that individually-adjusted, truly imperceptible elicitors did not induce any of these changes, when using null-hypothesis-testing, and, furthermore, provided evidence for null responses, when using Bayesian analyses. We proceeded to a series of novel and exploratory experiments on unconscious theory. We tested whether behavioural and emotional responses were reported to precede conscious awareness using overt presentations of visual-emotional elicitors. We showed evidence that the experience of physiological-emotional responses was reported to precede conscious awareness of a perceived visual-emotional content. These early responses were automatic and involuntary; they did not involve or require conscious access, or accessibility, and deliberation, and could not be physiologically restrained by conscious instruction for inhibition. We proposed that responses that can be termed unconscious, but not subliminal, are preceding, spontaneous and conditionally uninhibited experiential components of exposure to perceived, but not imperceptible, emotional elicitors. We extended that they involve genuine evolutionary-survival and social-adaptation value, compared to so-called subliminal processes, because they enable spontaneously-occurring, and progressively-intentional and intended behavioural and emotional adjustments, and readjustments, and adapting refinements.
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BibTeX
@misc{tsikandilakis2026remaking,
title = {{Remaking “The Unconscious” Paradigm, Act I: …The Gap” Between Subliminal Processing and the Unconscious “Mind…}},
author = {Myron Tsikandilakis and Persefoni Bali and Roland Erich Uriko and Mohammad Eskandari and Victoria-Maria Pasachidou and Romina Toranzos and Konrad Szczesniak and Ivona Dömischová and Pierre-Alexis Mével and Christopher Madan},
howpublished = {PsyArXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.31234/osf.io/f84xq_v1},
url = {https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/f84xq_v1/},
note = {CC0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Remaking “The Unconscious” Paradigm, Act I: …The Gap” Between Subliminal Processing and the Unconscious “Mind…
AU - Myron Tsikandilakis
AU - Persefoni Bali
AU - Roland Erich Uriko
AU - Mohammad Eskandari
AU - Victoria-Maria Pasachidou
AU - Romina Toranzos
AU - Konrad Szczesniak
AU - Ivona Dömischová
AU - Pierre-Alexis Mével
AU - Christopher Madan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/11
PB - PsyArXiv
DO - 10.31234/osf.io/f84xq_v1
UR - https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/f84xq_v1/
AB - The notion of subliminal processing often refers to perception that takes place below the threshold of conscious visual awareness. This is suggested to lead to behavioural and emotional changes with spontaneous and actionable evolutionary-survival and/or social-adaptation response value. Therefore, it has been suggested that the presentation of imperceptible visual elicitors can lead to responses, such as skin-conductance and heart-rate, and facial-emotional, and participant behavioural and self-report changes without conscious awareness. In a series of experiments, we disproved this theory. We showed that individually-adjusted, truly imperceptible elicitors did not induce any of these changes, when using null-hypothesis-testing, and, furthermore, provided evidence for null responses, when using Bayesian analyses. We proceeded to a series of novel and exploratory experiments on unconscious theory. We tested whether behavioural and emotional responses were reported to precede conscious awareness using overt presentations of visual-emotional elicitors. We showed evidence that the experience of physiological-emotional responses was reported to precede conscious awareness of a perceived visual-emotional content. These early responses were automatic and involuntary; they did not involve or require conscious access, or accessibility, and deliberation, and could not be physiologically restrained by conscious instruction for inhibition. We proposed that responses that can be termed unconscious, but not subliminal, are preceding, spontaneous and conditionally uninhibited experiential components of exposure to perceived, but not imperceptible, emotional elicitors. We extended that they involve genuine evolutionary-survival and social-adaptation value, compared to so-called subliminal processes, because they enable spontaneously-occurring, and progressively-intentional and intended behavioural and emotional adjustments, and readjustments, and adapting refinements.
ER -