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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-SA 4.0Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine

Paramedic attitudinal profiles regarding pediatric pain management: A latent class analysis in a standardized emergency medical services system

  • Lütfi Mert Güler1
  • Yalcin Gölcük2
  • Ömer Faruk Karakoyun3
  • Fulden Cantaş Türkiş4
  • Halil Emre Koyuncuoğlu3
  • Pınar Çay5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Muğla Provincial Ambulance Service, Muğla, Türkiye
  2. 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
  3. 3Emergency Medicine Service, Muğla Training and Research Hospital, Muğla, Türkiye
  4. 4Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
  5. 5Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES:: Pediatric pain is frequently under-recognized and undertreated in prehospital emergency care despite guideline-based recommendations, and practice variation may persist even within standardized emergency medical services (EMS) systems.

METHODS:: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional survey of paramedics working in a nationally standardized EMS system in Türkiye to identify latent attitudinal (self-reported) profiles related to pediatric prehospital analgesia and to examine whether profile membership differed by demographic or professional characteristics. Attitudinal items underwent exploratory dimensionality assessment and were then modeled using latent class analysis.

RESULTS:: Among 129 paramedics, two profiles were identified: proactive/system-oriented (57.4%) and conservative/low-engagement (42.6%). The proactive/system-oriented profile reported higher endorsement of decision-support tools (mobile drug-dosing applications and in-ambulance analgesia algorithms), more consistent self-reported post-analgesia vital sign monitoring, and greater self-reported use of non-pharmacologic adjuncts. The conservative/low-engagement profile reported lower intended engagement with these self-reported practices and greater reliance on perceived barriers. Profile membership was not associated with age, sex, years of EMS experience, or prior training.

CONCLUSİON:: Distinct attitudinal (self-reported) profiles regarding pediatric prehospital analgesia were identified; whether these profiles translate into objectively observed analgesia delivery requires validation using routine documentation and, where feasible, linked ED outcomes.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{guler2026paramedic,
  title = {{Paramedic attitudinal profiles regarding pediatric pain management: A latent class analysis in a standardized emergency medical services system}},
  author = {Lütfi Mert Güler and Yalcin Gölcük and Ömer Faruk Karakoyun and Fulden Cantaş Türkiş and Halil Emre Koyuncuoğlu and Pınar Çay},
  journal = {Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.4103/tjem.tjem_47_26},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_47_26},
  note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Paramedic attitudinal profiles regarding pediatric pain management: A latent class analysis in a standardized emergency medical services system
AU  - Lütfi Mert Güler
AU  - Yalcin Gölcük
AU  - Ömer Faruk Karakoyun
AU  - Fulden Cantaş Türkiş
AU  - Halil Emre Koyuncuoğlu
AU  - Pınar Çay
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/10
JO  - Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
DO  - 10.4103/tjem.tjem_47_26
UR  - https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_47_26
AB  - OBJECTIVES:: Pediatric pain is frequently under-recognized and undertreated in prehospital emergency care despite guideline-based recommendations, and practice variation may persist even within standardized emergency medical services (EMS) systems.  METHODS:: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional survey of paramedics working in a nationally standardized EMS system in Türkiye to identify latent attitudinal (self-reported) profiles related to pediatric prehospital analgesia and to examine whether profile membership differed by demographic or professional characteristics. Attitudinal items underwent exploratory dimensionality assessment and were then modeled using latent class analysis.  RESULTS:: Among 129 paramedics, two profiles were identified: proactive/system-oriented (57.4%) and conservative/low-engagement (42.6%). The proactive/system-oriented profile reported higher endorsement of decision-support tools (mobile drug-dosing applications and in-ambulance analgesia algorithms), more consistent self-reported post-analgesia vital sign monitoring, and greater self-reported use of non-pharmacologic adjuncts. The conservative/low-engagement profile reported lower intended engagement with these self-reported practices and greater reliance on perceived barriers. Profile membership was not associated with age, sex, years of EMS experience, or prior training.  CONCLUSİON:: Distinct attitudinal (self-reported) profiles regarding pediatric prehospital analgesia were identified; whether these profiles translate into objectively observed analgesia delivery requires validation using routine documentation and, where feasible, linked ED outcomes.
SN  - 2452-2473
ER  -