Bioefficacy of Eugenol-Based Bioinsecticide from Clove Leaf Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jl.Taman Siswa, Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java 50229, Indonesia
- 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
- 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Jl. Taman Siswa, Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java 50229, Indonesia
- 4Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora Komplek Bulaksumur, Sleman Yogyakarta, 55281
- 5Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive pests of rice, causing significant yield losses and threatening global food security. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides has led to environmental concerns and the development of insecticide resistance, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to purify eugenol from clove leaf oil (Syzygium aromaticum), formulate a stable oil-in-water bioinsecticide emulsion, and evaluate its insecticidal and antifeedant activities against N. lugens. Eugenol was enriched through vacuum fractional distillation and characterized using GC-MS, GC, FTIR, and physicochemical analyses. The purified eugenol was subsequently formulated using Tween 80 and ethanol, and its biological activity was assessed through toxicity and honeydew excretion bioassays. Vacuum fractional distillation increased eugenol content from 53.53% to 94.30%. Clove oil and purified eugenol exhibited LC50 values of 0.016% and 0.019%, respectively. In definitive toxicity assays, clove oil caused 90.00% mortality at 0.120%, whereas purified eugenol produced 73.33% mortality at 0.076% after 96 h of exposure. In addition, purified eugenol reduced feeding activity by up to 60%, demonstrating pronounced antifeedant effects. These findings indicate that eugenol contributes to both lethal and sublethal suppression of N. lugens and highlight the potential of clove-derived bioinsecticides as environmentally compatible alternatives for sustainable rice pest management. The study further provides a value-added strategy for utilizing clove leaf oil and contributes to the development of SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
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BibTeX
@article{cahyono2026bioefficacy,
title = {{Bioefficacy of Eugenol-Based Bioinsecticide from Clove Leaf Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)}},
author = {Edy Cahyono and Cindy Maharani and Saffanah Binti Mohd Ab Azid and Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma and Dyah Rini Indriyanti and Prayogo Probo Asmoro and Ridho Prasetyo},
journal = {Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology \& Biology Education},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.54211},
url = {https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.54211},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Bioefficacy of Eugenol-Based Bioinsecticide from Clove Leaf Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)
AU - Edy Cahyono
AU - Cindy Maharani
AU - Saffanah Binti Mohd Ab Azid
AU - Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
AU - Dyah Rini Indriyanti
AU - Prayogo Probo Asmoro
AU - Ridho Prasetyo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
DO - 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.54211
UR - https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.54211
AB - The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive pests of rice, causing significant yield losses and threatening global food security. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides has led to environmental concerns and the development of insecticide resistance, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to purify eugenol from clove leaf oil (Syzygium aromaticum), formulate a stable oil-in-water bioinsecticide emulsion, and evaluate its insecticidal and antifeedant activities against N. lugens. Eugenol was enriched through vacuum fractional distillation and characterized using GC-MS, GC, FTIR, and physicochemical analyses. The purified eugenol was subsequently formulated using Tween 80 and ethanol, and its biological activity was assessed through toxicity and honeydew excretion bioassays. Vacuum fractional distillation increased eugenol content from 53.53% to 94.30%. Clove oil and purified eugenol exhibited LC50 values of 0.016% and 0.019%, respectively. In definitive toxicity assays, clove oil caused 90.00% mortality at 0.120%, whereas purified eugenol produced 73.33% mortality at 0.076% after 96 h of exposure. In addition, purified eugenol reduced feeding activity by up to 60%, demonstrating pronounced antifeedant effects. These findings indicate that eugenol contributes to both lethal and sublethal suppression of N. lugens and highlight the potential of clove-derived bioinsecticides as environmentally compatible alternatives for sustainable rice pest management. The study further provides a value-added strategy for utilizing clove leaf oil and contributes to the development of SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
SN - 2085-191X
SN - 2338-7610
ER -