Direct Satellite-to-Device Communications: From Cooperative Task Offloading to Non-Cooperative Access Monitoring
Abstract
Direct satellite-to-device (DS2D) communication is emerging as a transformative paradigm for extending ubiquitous connectivity and edge computing capabilities to remote and underserved regions within 6G non-terrestrial networks. However, practical deployment faces dual critical challenges: i) dynamic satellite channel conditions (e.g., severe Doppler shifts, fast fading) and constrained satellite computing resources in cooperative scenarios; and ii) unauthorized satellite access introduces significant spectrum security threats in non-cooperative scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a versatile DS2D system that supports cooperative task offloading and non-cooperative access monitoring. For cooperative DS2D communications, we integrate a channel estimation module with a dueling double deep Q-network (D3QN) to dynamically optimize task offloading strategy. For non-cooperative DS2D communications, we propose Transformer-based models to enable blind signal detection and automatic modulation classification (AMC). Simulation results show that: 1) The D3QN algorithm reduces average latency by up to 225\% compared to static association policies. 2) Our signal detection model achieves an average presence detection probability of 90.5\% for DS2D signals. 3) The proposed AMC algorithm achieves superior performance across different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with a 9.4\% accuracy gain in low-SNR regimes compared to existing methods.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{huang2026direct,
title = {{Direct Satellite-to-Device Communications: From Cooperative Task Offloading to Non-Cooperative Access Monitoring}},
author = {Sai Huang and Wanli Ni and Ke Lv and Pengcheng Zhang and Yurui Zheng and Menghan Zhang and Zihui Gong and Zhiyong Feng},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.02955},
eprint = {2609.02955},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02955},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Direct Satellite-to-Device Communications: From Cooperative Task Offloading to Non-Cooperative Access Monitoring
AU - Sai Huang
AU - Wanli Ni
AU - Ke Lv
AU - Pengcheng Zhang
AU - Yurui Zheng
AU - Menghan Zhang
AU - Zihui Gong
AU - Zhiyong Feng
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.02955
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02955
AB - Direct satellite-to-device (DS2D) communication is emerging as a transformative paradigm for extending ubiquitous connectivity and edge computing capabilities to remote and underserved regions within 6G non-terrestrial networks. However, practical deployment faces dual critical challenges: i) dynamic satellite channel conditions (e.g., severe Doppler shifts, fast fading) and constrained satellite computing resources in cooperative scenarios; and ii) unauthorized satellite access introduces significant spectrum security threats in non-cooperative scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a versatile DS2D system that supports cooperative task offloading and non-cooperative access monitoring. For cooperative DS2D communications, we integrate a channel estimation module with a dueling double deep Q-network (D3QN) to dynamically optimize task offloading strategy. For non-cooperative DS2D communications, we propose Transformer-based models to enable blind signal detection and automatic modulation classification (AMC). Simulation results show that: 1) The D3QN algorithm reduces average latency by up to 225\% compared to static association policies. 2) Our signal detection model achieves an average presence detection probability of 90.5\% for DS2D signals. 3) The proposed AMC algorithm achieves superior performance across different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with a 9.4\% accuracy gain in low-SNR regimes compared to existing methods.
ER -