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Peer-reviewedCC BYEnergy and Built Environment

Application of subtle expression recognition in evaluating odor environment comfort

  • Zhen Tong1
  • Yulong Song1
  • Xinran Wen1
  • Xiaorui Liu1
  • Jie Sun1
  • Hongyu Guan2
  • Songtao Hu1
  • Chengji Guo1
  1. 1School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Healthy Environment and Low-Carbon Energy, Qingdao 266520, China
  2. 2School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Healthy Environment and Low-Carbon Energy, Qingdao 266520, China; Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Odor environments significantly impact emotions and comfort, yet their evaluation using facial subtle expressions remains understudied. This study investigates the feasibility of using facial subtle expressions to identify olfactory comfort by capturing emotional changes and analyzing recognition accuracy with subjective questionnaires. It examines three odors—peppermint, sweet orange, and white vinegar—varying in pleasantness. Results show that disliked odors increase negative emotions and reduce comfort, while liked odors enhance it. Subtle expressions effectively assess comfort changes, with recognition accuracy linked to odor preference. Pleasant odors yield higher recognition accuracy, and stronger preferences correlate with better identification of facial subtle expressions. Significant changes were noted in the nostrils and nose bridge, with the latter exceeding the baseline by 40 % after white vinegar exposure. This research supports the use of subtle expression recognition to assess indoor odor comfort, optimize air quality in the building environment, and ensure that the building's daily operations better meet the needs of the occupants.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{tong2026application,
  title = {{Application of subtle expression recognition in evaluating odor environment comfort}},
  author = {Zhen Tong and Yulong Song and Xinran Wen and Xiaorui Liu and Jie Sun and Hongyu Guan and Songtao Hu and Chengji Guo},
  journal = {Energy and Built Environment},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Application of subtle expression recognition in evaluating odor environment comfort
AU  - Zhen Tong
AU  - Yulong Song
AU  - Xinran Wen
AU  - Xiaorui Liu
AU  - Jie Sun
AU  - Hongyu Guan
AU  - Songtao Hu
AU  - Chengji Guo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - Energy and Built Environment
DO  - 10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005
AB  - Odor environments significantly impact emotions and comfort, yet their evaluation using facial subtle expressions remains understudied. This study investigates the feasibility of using facial subtle expressions to identify olfactory comfort by capturing emotional changes and analyzing recognition accuracy with subjective questionnaires. It examines three odors—peppermint, sweet orange, and white vinegar—varying in pleasantness. Results show that disliked odors increase negative emotions and reduce comfort, while liked odors enhance it. Subtle expressions effectively assess comfort changes, with recognition accuracy linked to odor preference. Pleasant odors yield higher recognition accuracy, and stronger preferences correlate with better identification of facial subtle expressions. Significant changes were noted in the nostrils and nose bridge, with the latter exceeding the baseline by 40 % after white vinegar exposure. This research supports the use of subtle expression recognition to assess indoor odor comfort, optimize air quality in the building environment, and ensure that the building's daily operations better meet the needs of the occupants.
SN  - 2666-1233
ER  -