Complex spacing ratio statistics in the partially open asymmetric quantum baker map
Abstract
We study the complex eigenvalue statistics of the asymmetric quantum baker map with partial projective openings. The classical asymmetric baker map, with its discontinuity at q=2/3, is fully chaotic, has no reflection symmetry, and provides a clean setting with tunable escape rate and fractal repeller dimension. We consider three distinct opening geometries in position space: localized (contiguous channels), random, and uniform (equispaced channels), all controlled by a tunable amplitude reflectivity parameter ρ that interpolates between the fully open (ρ=0) and the closed (ρ=1) limits. We use the partially truncated circular unitary ensemble (PTCUE) as the random matrix theory benchmark. The main focus is on the joint distribution of the complex spacing ratio z, defined as the ratio of the distances from an eigenvalue to its nearest and next-nearest neighbors in the complex plane. We find a smooth crossover from a quasi-1D spectral regime, where eigenvalues cluster near the unit circle and the phase distribution of z is peaked, to a two-dimensional Ginibre-like regime, where the distribution becomes nearly uniform and level repulsion is fully developed. Both the number of open channels M and the reflectivity ρ modulate this crossover, and ρ provides an additional continuous control even at fixed opening size. All three opening models converge to PTCUE statistics at large M, while differences are most pronounced for the localized model at small M. No evidence of an abrupt transition is found. This crossover which suggests a universal behavior, has deep consequences for open quantum and wave-chaotic experiments.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{ermann2026complex,
title = {{Complex spacing ratio statistics in the partially open asymmetric quantum baker map}},
author = {Leonardo Ermann and Pablo Sesin and Alejandro M. F. Rivas and Pablo D. Bergamasco and Gabriel G. Carlo},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.07878},
eprint = {2607.07878},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07878},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Complex spacing ratio statistics in the partially open asymmetric quantum baker map
AU - Leonardo Ermann
AU - Pablo Sesin
AU - Alejandro M. F. Rivas
AU - Pablo D. Bergamasco
AU - Gabriel G. Carlo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.07878
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07878
AB - We study the complex eigenvalue statistics of the asymmetric quantum baker map with partial projective openings. The classical asymmetric baker map, with its discontinuity at q=2/3, is fully chaotic, has no reflection symmetry, and provides a clean setting with tunable escape rate and fractal repeller dimension. We consider three distinct opening geometries in position space: localized (contiguous channels), random, and uniform (equispaced channels), all controlled by a tunable amplitude reflectivity parameter ρ that interpolates between the fully open (ρ=0) and the closed (ρ=1) limits. We use the partially truncated circular unitary ensemble (PTCUE) as the random matrix theory benchmark. The main focus is on the joint distribution of the complex spacing ratio z, defined as the ratio of the distances from an eigenvalue to its nearest and next-nearest neighbors in the complex plane. We find a smooth crossover from a quasi-1D spectral regime, where eigenvalues cluster near the unit circle and the phase distribution of z is peaked, to a two-dimensional Ginibre-like regime, where the distribution becomes nearly uniform and level repulsion is fully developed. Both the number of open channels M and the reflectivity ρ modulate this crossover, and ρ provides an additional continuous control even at fixed opening size. All three opening models converge to PTCUE statistics at large M, while differences are most pronounced for the localized model at small M. No evidence of an abrupt transition is found. This crossover which suggests a universal behavior, has deep consequences for open quantum and wave-chaotic experiments.
ER -