Red Tide Algal Toxin-Induced Intestinal Injury in Marine Fish: Mechanisms, Gut Microecology, and Aquaculture Health Risk Assessment.
- 1Nantong Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nantong 226000, China.
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause rapid, extensive mortality in exposed marine fish, often before fish-level diagnostic sampling can guide an emergency response. This review compares the toxin-specific evidence for intestinal injury caused by paralytic shellfish toxins, okadaic acid and Dinophysistoxins, brevetoxins, and fish-killing blooms, while distinguishing direct evidence in marine fish from evidence in other models. Intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, and microbiome changes are valuable for explaining sublethal exposure, survivor recovery, and post-event attribution. They are not proposed as operational triggers during an acute fish kill. Practical management instead depends chiefly on site-specific environmental surveillance before exposure, predefined emergency actions when a bloom approaches, and longer-term reduction in avoidable nutrient and waste inputs where these contribute to local bloom risk. A four-stage framework links environmental hazard, fish exposure, biological effects, and production or food-safety outcomes with quantitative indicators and explicit uncertainty at each transition. This revised scope places mechanistic intestinal toxicology within the ecological time scale and operational limits of marine aquaculture.
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BibTeX
@article{hang2026tide,
title = {{Red Tide Algal Toxin-Induced Intestinal Injury in Marine Fish: Mechanisms, Gut Microecology, and Aquaculture Health Risk Assessment.}},
author = {Lingxiao Hang and Haihua Xu and Yanzhe Ding and Peipei Chen and Xingang Song and Dongsheng Shi and Zhongwei Chen},
journal = {Veterinary sciences},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/vetsci13101012},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944108},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Red Tide Algal Toxin-Induced Intestinal Injury in Marine Fish: Mechanisms, Gut Microecology, and Aquaculture Health Risk Assessment.
AU - Lingxiao Hang
AU - Haihua Xu
AU - Yanzhe Ding
AU - Peipei Chen
AU - Xingang Song
AU - Dongsheng Shi
AU - Zhongwei Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Veterinary sciences
DO - 10.3390/vetsci13101012
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944108
AB - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause rapid, extensive mortality in exposed marine fish, often before fish-level diagnostic sampling can guide an emergency response. This review compares the toxin-specific evidence for intestinal injury caused by paralytic shellfish toxins, okadaic acid and Dinophysistoxins, brevetoxins, and fish-killing blooms, while distinguishing direct evidence in marine fish from evidence in other models. Intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, and microbiome changes are valuable for explaining sublethal exposure, survivor recovery, and post-event attribution. They are not proposed as operational triggers during an acute fish kill. Practical management instead depends chiefly on site-specific environmental surveillance before exposure, predefined emergency actions when a bloom approaches, and longer-term reduction in avoidable nutrient and waste inputs where these contribute to local bloom risk. A four-stage framework links environmental hazard, fish exposure, biological effects, and production or food-safety outcomes with quantitative indicators and explicit uncertainty at each transition. This revised scope places mechanistic intestinal toxicology within the ecological time scale and operational limits of marine aquaculture.
SN - 2306-7381
ER -