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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Effects of Bt Rice Straw Leachates on Daphnia magna

  • Congyu Zhang1,2,3
  • Jiahang Liang1,2,3
  • Xueli Zhang1,2,3
  • Lipeng Zhao1,2,3
  • Yifeng Jiang1,2,3
  • Huizhen Fu1,2,3
  • Wanting Deng1,2,3
  • Yuanjiao Feng1,2,3
  1. 1Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  2. 2Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
  3. 3Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Abstract

Cry1Ab proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice can be released into paddy water through straw leaching. Straw from non-Bt rice (Tianyou Huazhan), homozygous Bt rice (T775), and heterozygous Bt rice (T775 F1 hybrid) was used to expose Daphnia magna over two consecutive generations, each for 21 days, at nominal straw-loading concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 8 g L−1. Survival, growth, reproduction, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. Growth and reproductive responses were described using originally reported means, standard errors, and Duncan groupings, while traceable biochemical measurements underwent generation-specific two-way analysis of variance and prespecified control comparisons. Changes in individual and biochemical endpoints varied by rice type, loading concentration, and generation, without a consistent monotonic concentration–response relationship. Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant differences in 21-day survival between either Bt treatment and the corresponding non-Bt treatment at the same concentration. Changes in enzyme activities and MDA alone do not establish oxidative injury, and descriptive differences between generations cannot establish cumulative toxicity.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026effects,
  title = {{Effects of Bt Rice Straw Leachates on Daphnia magna}},
  author = {Congyu Zhang and Jiahang Liang and Xueli Zhang and Lipeng Zhao and Yifeng Jiang and Huizhen Fu and Wanting Deng and Yuanjiao Feng},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27219962},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9962},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effects of Bt Rice Straw Leachates on Daphnia magna
AU  - Congyu Zhang
AU  - Jiahang Liang
AU  - Xueli Zhang
AU  - Lipeng Zhao
AU  - Yifeng Jiang
AU  - Huizhen Fu
AU  - Wanting Deng
AU  - Yuanjiao Feng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/06
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27219962
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9962
AB  - Cry1Ab proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice can be released into paddy water through straw leaching. Straw from non-Bt rice (Tianyou Huazhan), homozygous Bt rice (T775), and heterozygous Bt rice (T775 F1 hybrid) was used to expose Daphnia magna over two consecutive generations, each for 21 days, at nominal straw-loading concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 8 g L−1. Survival, growth, reproduction, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. Growth and reproductive responses were described using originally reported means, standard errors, and Duncan groupings, while traceable biochemical measurements underwent generation-specific two-way analysis of variance and prespecified control comparisons. Changes in individual and biochemical endpoints varied by rice type, loading concentration, and generation, without a consistent monotonic concentration–response relationship. Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant differences in 21-day survival between either Bt treatment and the corresponding non-Bt treatment at the same concentration. Changes in enzyme activities and MDA alone do not establish oxidative injury, and descriptive differences between generations cannot establish cumulative toxicity.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -