A 2D Holographic Approach for All-Optical Single-Shot Temporal Characterization of SASE FEL Pulses
Abstract
X-ray Free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver ultrashort and ultrabright radiation in a photon-energy range spanning from extreme ultraviolet to hard X-rays. Supporting pulse durations down to hundreds of attoseconds, these sources are unique in enabling imaging of matter with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. However, schemes that produce such ultrashort pulses typically rely on Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE), a stochastic process that introduces significant temporal and spectral jitter, therefore requiring single-shot characterization methods for post sorting the acquired data. Although various methods have been developed for pulse characterization and delay tagging, they often come with experimental and computational complexity. Moreover, no existing method currently combines both single-shot pulse reconstruction and delay tagging at the attosecond time scale. To close this gap, we present two-dimensional time-domain Double-Blind Holography (2D-TDDBH), an entirely novel approach combining double-blind holography with concepts from diffractive imaging and ptychography. By recording the 2D spatial profile of the spectral interference between an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) FEL source and a high-harmonic generation (HHG)-based source, we achieve simultaneous waveform reconstruction and delay tagging of sub-10 fs FEL pulses with attosecond precision.
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BibTeX
@misc{azzolin2026holographic,
title = {{A 2D Holographic Approach for All-Optical Single-Shot Temporal Characterization of SASE FEL Pulses}},
author = {A. Azzolin and O. Cannelli and K. -F. Wong and V. J. Yallapragada and E. P. Månsson and C. Papadopoulou and E. Appi and U. Frühling and A. Magunia and M. Seitz and J. Hahne and A. bin Wahid and P. Biesterfeld and P. Mosel and S. Fröhlich and G. Cirmi and N. Kschuev and J. Roensch-Schulenburg and S. Schulz and S. Düsterer and M. Kovacev and U. Morgner and R. Moshammer and T. Lang and C. M. Heyl and V. Wanie and O. Raz and C. Ott and T. Pfeifer and E. Schneidmiller and N. Dudovich and D. Oron and A. Trabattoni and F. Calegari},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.00153},
eprint = {2608.00153},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00153},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A 2D Holographic Approach for All-Optical Single-Shot Temporal Characterization of SASE FEL Pulses
AU - A. Azzolin
AU - O. Cannelli
AU - K. -F. Wong
AU - V. J. Yallapragada
AU - E. P. Månsson
AU - C. Papadopoulou
AU - E. Appi
AU - U. Frühling
AU - A. Magunia
AU - M. Seitz
AU - J. Hahne
AU - A. bin Wahid
AU - P. Biesterfeld
AU - P. Mosel
AU - S. Fröhlich
AU - G. Cirmi
AU - N. Kschuev
AU - J. Roensch-Schulenburg
AU - S. Schulz
AU - S. Düsterer
AU - M. Kovacev
AU - U. Morgner
AU - R. Moshammer
AU - T. Lang
AU - C. M. Heyl
AU - V. Wanie
AU - O. Raz
AU - C. Ott
AU - T. Pfeifer
AU - E. Schneidmiller
AU - N. Dudovich
AU - D. Oron
AU - A. Trabattoni
AU - F. Calegari
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/11
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.00153
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00153
AB - X-ray Free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver ultrashort and ultrabright radiation in a photon-energy range spanning from extreme ultraviolet to hard X-rays. Supporting pulse durations down to hundreds of attoseconds, these sources are unique in enabling imaging of matter with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. However, schemes that produce such ultrashort pulses typically rely on Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE), a stochastic process that introduces significant temporal and spectral jitter, therefore requiring single-shot characterization methods for post sorting the acquired data. Although various methods have been developed for pulse characterization and delay tagging, they often come with experimental and computational complexity. Moreover, no existing method currently combines both single-shot pulse reconstruction and delay tagging at the attosecond time scale. To close this gap, we present two-dimensional time-domain Double-Blind Holography (2D-TDDBH), an entirely novel approach combining double-blind holography with concepts from diffractive imaging and ptychography. By recording the 2D spatial profile of the spectral interference between an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) FEL source and a high-harmonic generation (HHG)-based source, we achieve simultaneous waveform reconstruction and delay tagging of sub-10 fs FEL pulses with attosecond precision.
ER -