Collective dressed states for inelastic light scattering by atomic ensembles
Abstract
We develop a general dressed-state framework for computing fluorescence spectra, probe absorption spectra, and photon-photon correlations of light scattered by ensembles of Nat two-level atoms with arbitrary Jg → Je transitions driven by intense coherent fields. The approach employs a full vectorial treatment of the electromagnetic field, handles any atomic geometries, illumination directions, and polarizations, and yields optical observables as explicit sums of Lorentzian lines whose positions, widths, and weights are directly tied to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Lindbladian. The framework is implemented in an open-source Python package and benchmarked against exact single- and two-atom calculations. We identify geometries in which the full vectorial description is essential, and the scalar approximation fails qualitatively. Applying the method to pairs of atoms with a Jg=0→ Je=1 transition, we show that elastic and inelastic scattered intensities collapse onto universal master curves controlled by a single collective saturation parameter built from the dominant superradiant mode, across several orders of magnitude in drive strength and interatomic distance. We identify collective phenomena that require a description beyond this single-mode picture. Extending the analysis to atoms with ground-state degeneracy, we find that most collective features carry over, while two qualitatively new effects emerge: an incoherent spontaneous Raman channel that modifies the scaling of inelastic emission, and a slow timescale in the time-delayed correlations g(2)(τ) governed by the competition between Raman scattering and subradiant decay, controlled by a single dimensionless parameter. These results provide both physical insight and practical computational tools for engineering collective optical responses in few-atom systems such as optical tweezer arrays.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{lucas2026collective,
title = {{Collective dressed states for inelastic light scattering by atomic ensembles}},
author = {Sébastien Lucas and David Wilkowski and Christian Miniatura and Sergey Skipetrov},
howpublished = {HAL},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.00138},
eprint = {2609.00138},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05738523v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Collective dressed states for inelastic light scattering by atomic ensembles
AU - Sébastien Lucas
AU - David Wilkowski
AU - Christian Miniatura
AU - Sergey Skipetrov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - HAL
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.00138
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05738523v1
AB - We develop a general dressed-state framework for computing fluorescence spectra, probe absorption spectra, and photon-photon correlations of light scattered by ensembles of N_at two-level atoms with arbitrary J_g → J_e transitions driven by intense coherent fields. The approach employs a full vectorial treatment of the electromagnetic field, handles any atomic geometries, illumination directions, and polarizations, and yields optical observables as explicit sums of Lorentzian lines whose positions, widths, and weights are directly tied to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Lindbladian. The framework is implemented in an open-source Python package and benchmarked against exact single- and two-atom calculations. We identify geometries in which the full vectorial description is essential, and the scalar approximation fails qualitatively. Applying the method to pairs of atoms with a J_g=0→ J_e=1 transition, we show that elastic and inelastic scattered intensities collapse onto universal master curves controlled by a single collective saturation parameter built from the dominant superradiant mode, across several orders of magnitude in drive strength and interatomic distance. We identify collective phenomena that require a description beyond this single-mode picture. Extending the analysis to atoms with ground-state degeneracy, we find that most collective features carry over, while two qualitatively new effects emerge: an incoherent spontaneous Raman channel that modifies the scaling of inelastic emission, and a slow timescale in the time-delayed correlations g^(2)(τ) governed by the competition between Raman scattering and subradiant decay, controlled by a single dimensionless parameter. These results provide both physical insight and practical computational tools for engineering collective optical responses in few-atom systems such as optical tweezer arrays.
ER -