Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a randomized feasibility study

@article{sand2026preoperative,
  title = {{Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a randomized feasibility study}},
  author = {Olivia Sand and Erebouni Arakelian and Egidijus Semenas and Wilhelm Graf and Peter Cashin and Mikael Andersson},
  journal = {Pilot and Feasibility Studies},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1186/s40814-026-01946-z},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-026-01946-z},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a randomized feasibility study
AU  - Olivia Sand
AU  - Erebouni Arakelian
AU  - Egidijus Semenas
AU  - Wilhelm Graf
AU  - Peter Cashin
AU  - Mikael Andersson
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Pilot and Feasibility Studies
DO  - 10.1186/s40814-026-01946-z
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-026-01946-z
AB  - Background: Patients undergoing surgery due to peritoneal metastases (PM) are at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). While several studies have provided promising results regarding the positive effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) regarding length of hospital stay and PPCs after other types of major abdominal surgery, its feasibility in the preoperative management of patients with PM is still unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of preoperative IMT for patients scheduled for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).  Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled feasibility study was conducted in Uppsala, Sweden, between 2016 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, surgery scheduled ≥ 2 weeks after inclusion, and proficiency in Swedish. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either IMT or positive expiratory pressure (PEP). Feasibility was evaluated using two domains: process feasibility (recruitment, intervention adherence, and patient acceptability) and scientific feasibility (ability to perform pre- and postoperative respiratory muscle and lung function assessments, reproducibility of assessments, and adverse events). Preliminary treatment effects and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) were also evaluated.  Results: Thirty participants were enrolled, with a recruitment rate of 11%. The median training period was 24.5 days, with adherence of 77% in the intervention group and 98% in the control group. Acceptability was high, with 87% rating the training program ≥ 5 on a scale of 1–10. Two participants withdrew due to discomfort at the postoperative assessments, and the reproducibility of assessments was 57–100%. One IMT participant withdrew due to a dry cough. The intervention group showed a larger increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) from baseline to follow-up and faster recovery of vital capacity (VC) than controls. PPCs were more frequent in the control group.  Conclusions: Preoperative IMT was acceptable to patients and safe, but recruitment and attrition were identified as obstacles to address in a future full-scale RCT.  Trial registration: NCT05665257. Registered 23 December 2022—retrospectively registered.  Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-026-01946-z.
SN  - 2055-5784
ER  -