Genomic and physiological characterization of Neobacillus ammoniipjilus sp. nov. reveals versatile inorganic nitrogen utilization and ammonia-mitigation potential
- 1Kyonggi University
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain (KR4-4T), was isolated from soil in the Republic of Korea and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic and functional characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain KR4-4T within the genus Neobacillus. Phylogenomic analysis based on 92 bacterial core genes further supported its distinct taxonomic position. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between KR4-4T and related Neobacillus type strains were 69.76-82.31% and 18.3-25.9%, respectively, supporting its recognition as a distinct species. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic rods, with growth occurring at 15-45 {degrees}C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0, while the major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Genome analysis revealed genes associated with inorganic nitrogen transport, nitrate and nitrite reduction, and ammonium assimilation. In liquid culture, KR4-4T removed NH4+-N under aerobic conditions and was able to utilize ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite as individual nitrogen sources, with removal efficiencies of 86.5%, 69.35%, and 62.9%, respectively. The strain also contributed to the reduction of gaseous NH3 in a closed-flask assay. Together, these physiological and genomic characteristics indicate a versatile capacity for inorganic nitrogen utilization and transformation and suggest potential for further evaluation in biological ammonia-mitigation applications. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain KR4-4T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus, for which the name Neobacillus ammoniiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KR4-4T (= KACC 24003T = CCTCC AB 2025077T).
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BibTeX
@misc{le2026genomic,
title = {{Genomic and physiological characterization of Neobacillus ammoniipjilus sp. nov. reveals versatile inorganic nitrogen utilization and ammonia-mitigation potential}},
author = {T. T. N. Le and R. K.C and S.-W. Jeong and J. Kim},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.64898/2026.10.12.758474},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genomic and physiological characterization of Neobacillus ammoniipjilus sp. nov. reveals versatile inorganic nitrogen utilization and ammonia-mitigation potential
AU - T. T. N. Le
AU - R. K.C
AU - S.-W. Jeong
AU - J. Kim
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/12
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.10.12.758474
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1
AB - A novel bacterial strain (KR4-4T), was isolated from soil in the Republic of Korea and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic and functional characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain KR4-4T within the genus Neobacillus. Phylogenomic analysis based on 92 bacterial core genes further supported its distinct taxonomic position. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between KR4-4T and related Neobacillus type strains were 69.76-82.31% and 18.3-25.9%, respectively, supporting its recognition as a distinct species. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic rods, with growth occurring at 15-45 {degrees}C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0, while the major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Genome analysis revealed genes associated with inorganic nitrogen transport, nitrate and nitrite reduction, and ammonium assimilation. In liquid culture, KR4-4T removed NH4+-N under aerobic conditions and was able to utilize ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite as individual nitrogen sources, with removal efficiencies of 86.5%, 69.35%, and 62.9%, respectively. The strain also contributed to the reduction of gaseous NH3 in a closed-flask assay. Together, these physiological and genomic characteristics indicate a versatile capacity for inorganic nitrogen utilization and transformation and suggest potential for further evaluation in biological ammonia-mitigation applications. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain KR4-4T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus, for which the name Neobacillus ammoniiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KR4-4T (= KACC 24003T = CCTCC AB 2025077T).
ER -