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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDOTO open

Early Implementation Outcomes of a Virtual Otolaryngology Training Pilot for Primary Care Providers in Rwanda.

  • Kamala Pullakhandam1
  • Gabrielle Cahill2
  • Nina Patel3
  • John Bukuru4
  • Edgard Gasana4
  • Charles Nkurunziza5
  • Sarah Nuss6
  • Jonathan Abaho7
  • David A Shaye5,6
  • Mary J Xu8
  • Gratien Tuyishimire7
8 affiliations
  1. 1Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.
  2. 2Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California Los Angeles California USA.
  3. 3Loyola Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA.
  4. 4Rwanda Military Referral and Teaching Hospital Kigali City Rwanda.
  5. 5University Teaching Hospital of Kigali Kigali City Rwanda.
  6. 6Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Boston Massachusetts USA.
  7. 7University of Global Health Equity Kigali Rwanda.
  8. 8Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco California USA.
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Abstract

Objective

Otolaryngologic diseases of the head and neck contribute greatly to the global surgery disease burden. With less than 30 ENTs for a population of 13.2 million, Rwanda has significant gaps in otolaryngologic care. This study assessed early implementation outcomes of the first virtual otolaryngology training for primary care providers (PCPs) in Rwanda.Study design

Pre-Post Intervention.Setting

This study was conducted among Rwandan PCPs who participated in a virtual otolaryngology training session, held on Zoom on July 27, 2024.Methods

A virtual training led by Rwandan otolaryngologists was developed to teach PCPs about commonly encountered otolaryngology conditions. Preintervention, immediate postintervention, and 1-month postintervention surveys of attendees measured the training's appropriateness, acceptability, and effectiveness.Results

Seventy-four PCPs attended. There were 49 respondents preintervention, 62 respondents immediately postintervention, and 30 respondents 1-month postintervention. Twenty-three of the 30 Rwandan districts were represented.The training was highly appropriate with all respondents agreeing that training topics were relevant to their clinical practices. The training was also highly acceptable, with 80% of respondents preferring the online format over other modalities. Respondents' knowledge assessment scores improved by 10% on average. The majority of respondents felt the training improved their ability to assess, manage, and refer patients with otolaryngology conditions. These perceptions were maintained 1-month postintervention.Conclusion

The first virtual otolaryngology training focused on PCPs in Rwanda was highly appropriate, acceptable, and effective. Given the burden of otolaryngology disease and otolaryngology workforce shortages, virtual training of PCPs is an innovative format in resource-constrained health systems, such as in Rwanda.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{pullakhandam2026early,
  title = {{Early Implementation Outcomes of a Virtual Otolaryngology Training Pilot for Primary Care Providers in Rwanda.}},
  author = {Kamala Pullakhandam and Gabrielle Cahill and Nina Patel and John Bukuru and Edgard Gasana and Charles Nkurunziza and Sarah Nuss and Jonathan Abaho and David A Shaye and Mary J Xu and Gratien Tuyishimire},
  journal = {OTO open},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/oto2.70316},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42947973},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early Implementation Outcomes of a Virtual Otolaryngology Training Pilot for Primary Care Providers in Rwanda.
AU  - Kamala Pullakhandam
AU  - Gabrielle Cahill
AU  - Nina Patel
AU  - John Bukuru
AU  - Edgard Gasana
AU  - Charles Nkurunziza
AU  - Sarah Nuss
AU  - Jonathan Abaho
AU  - David A Shaye
AU  - Mary J Xu
AU  - Gratien Tuyishimire
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - OTO open
DO  - 10.1002/oto2.70316
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42947973
AB  - Objective  Otolaryngologic diseases of the head and neck contribute greatly to the global surgery disease burden. With less than 30 ENTs for a population of 13.2 million, Rwanda has significant gaps in otolaryngologic care. This study assessed early implementation outcomes of the first virtual otolaryngology training for primary care providers (PCPs) in Rwanda.Study design  Pre-Post Intervention.Setting  This study was conducted among Rwandan PCPs who participated in a virtual otolaryngology training session, held on Zoom on July 27, 2024.Methods  A virtual training led by Rwandan otolaryngologists was developed to teach PCPs about commonly encountered otolaryngology conditions. Preintervention, immediate postintervention, and 1-month postintervention surveys of attendees measured the training's appropriateness, acceptability, and effectiveness.Results  Seventy-four PCPs attended. There were 49 respondents preintervention, 62 respondents immediately postintervention, and 30 respondents 1-month postintervention. Twenty-three of the 30 Rwandan districts were represented.The training was highly appropriate with all respondents agreeing that training topics were relevant to their clinical practices. The training was also highly acceptable, with 80% of respondents preferring the online format over other modalities. Respondents' knowledge assessment scores improved by 10% on average. The majority of respondents felt the training improved their ability to assess, manage, and refer patients with otolaryngology conditions. These perceptions were maintained 1-month postintervention.Conclusion  The first virtual otolaryngology training focused on PCPs in Rwanda was highly appropriate, acceptable, and effective. Given the burden of otolaryngology disease and otolaryngology workforce shortages, virtual training of PCPs is an innovative format in resource-constrained health systems, such as in Rwanda.
SN  - 2473-974X
ER  -