Coherent Radio Emission from Flux Rope Mergers in 3D Relativistic Reconnection
Abstract
Coherent emission from merging plasmoids in relativistic reconnection is the leading model for radio emission originating in the outer magnetosphere of pulsars such as the Crab, and a candidate emission mechanism for fast radio bursts. This process has only been studied in 2D, and whether it survives in 3D, where the dynamics of structures in the reconnection layer can differ substantially, is still an open question. Here we present the first study of coherent wave generation from flux rope mergers in 3D relativistic reconnection. We use particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic reconnection with outflow boundary conditions and guide fields Bg/B0 = {0,0.1,0.3}, and measure the efficiency η with which inflowing magnetic energy is converted into escaping coherent waves. We find η∼ 7×10−4 without a guide field, a factor of a few below 2D results, and η∼(1−2) ×10−3 at moderate guide fields, comparable to 2D with no guide field. We propose a physical picture for why the efficiency remains comparable to 2D, based on how reconnected field is transported away from the diffusion regions. The escaping waves are linearly polarized, with a polarization angle set by the direction of the upstream field. In the presence of a guide field, waves escaping from opposite sides of the reconnection layer therefore differ in polarization angle by $ \sim 2\arctan(B_g/B_0)$. Our results support relativistic magnetic reconnection as the origin of coherent radio emission from Crab-like pulsars, and strengthen its case as a potential emission mechanism for fast radio bursts.
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BibTeX
@misc{parsons2026coherent,
title = {{Coherent Radio Emission from Flux Rope Mergers in 3D Relativistic Reconnection}},
author = {Jasmine Parsons and Lorenzo Sironi and Anatoly Spitkovsky and Alexander Chernoglazov},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.37214},
eprint = {2610.37214},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37214},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Coherent Radio Emission from Flux Rope Mergers in 3D Relativistic Reconnection
AU - Jasmine Parsons
AU - Lorenzo Sironi
AU - Anatoly Spitkovsky
AU - Alexander Chernoglazov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.37214
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37214
AB - Coherent emission from merging plasmoids in relativistic reconnection is the leading model for radio emission originating in the outer magnetosphere of pulsars such as the Crab, and a candidate emission mechanism for fast radio bursts. This process has only been studied in 2D, and whether it survives in 3D, where the dynamics of structures in the reconnection layer can differ substantially, is still an open question. Here we present the first study of coherent wave generation from flux rope mergers in 3D relativistic reconnection. We use particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic reconnection with outflow boundary conditions and guide fields B_g/B_0 = {0,0.1,0.3}, and measure the efficiency η with which inflowing magnetic energy is converted into escaping coherent waves. We find η∼ 7×10^−4 without a guide field, a factor of a few below 2D results, and η∼(1−2) ×10^−3 at moderate guide fields, comparable to 2D with no guide field. We propose a physical picture for why the efficiency remains comparable to 2D, based on how reconnected field is transported away from the diffusion regions. The escaping waves are linearly polarized, with a polarization angle set by the direction of the upstream field. In the presence of a guide field, waves escaping from opposite sides of the reconnection layer therefore differ in polarization angle by $ \sim 2\arctan(B_g/B_0)$. Our results support relativistic magnetic reconnection as the origin of coherent radio emission from Crab-like pulsars, and strengthen its case as a potential emission mechanism for fast radio bursts.
ER -