Bacterial-derived cyclic lipopeptides suppress dauer arrest in C. elegans
- 1Van Andel Institute
Abstract
Secondary bacterial metabolites can regulate animal physiology, but the specific bacterial genes and molecules responsible for regulating, synthesizing, and transporting these molecules and the mechanisms by which they impact animal physiology often remain unclear. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans dauer formation as a gross morphological readout to identify bacterial mechanisms that promote development when animal TGF-{beta} or insulin signaling is impaired. We found that the native C. elegans microbiome constituent, Pseudomonas lurida, suppresses dauer arrest and that this activity requires the two-component system, GacS/GacA, and the downstream massABC[KD2.1][KN2.2][XW2.3] nonribosomal peptide synthetase cluster. Using sequential chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and NMR, we identified Massetolide F, a bacterial cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant, as a massABC-dependent product. In addition, we found that purified Massetolide F was sufficient to restore dauer suppression to P. lurida {triangleup}massBC. We also found that surfactin[AT3.1][KN3.2][XW3.3] C, a cyclic lipopeptide from B. subtilis, similarly suppressed dauer formation whereas the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin did not, indicating that dauer suppression is shared by a subset of cyclic lipopeptides rather than being a general property of the class. Lastly, we found that massABC-dependent Massetolide F production induces the expression of the acid sphingomyelinase asm-3 in C. elegans, that asm-3 is required for Massetolide F induced dauer suppression, and that loss of Massetolide F production also leads to reduced bacterial clearance in host animals. Together, these findings identify Massetolide F as a microbiome-derived molecule that promotes animal development and reveal an unexpected function for bacterial biosurfactants in regulating animal physiology.
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BibTeX
@misc{wang2026bacterialderived,
title = {{Bacterial-derived cyclic lipopeptides suppress dauer arrest in C. elegans}},
author = {X. Wang and K. M. Nauta and M. E. Mechan-Llontop and D. R. Gates and N. Chaudhary and A. Ramchandran and K. K. Sykes and C. L. Sakowski and V. H. Hartwell and J. Tarango and A. O. Tripathi and N. O. Burton},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.14.751545},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751545v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Bacterial-derived cyclic lipopeptides suppress dauer arrest in C. elegans
AU - X. Wang
AU - K. M. Nauta
AU - M. E. Mechan-Llontop
AU - D. R. Gates
AU - N. Chaudhary
AU - A. Ramchandran
AU - K. K. Sykes
AU - C. L. Sakowski
AU - V. H. Hartwell
AU - J. Tarango
AU - A. O. Tripathi
AU - N. O. Burton
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/14
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.14.751545
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751545v1
AB - Secondary bacterial metabolites can regulate animal physiology, but the specific bacterial genes and molecules responsible for regulating, synthesizing, and transporting these molecules and the mechanisms by which they impact animal physiology often remain unclear. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans dauer formation as a gross morphological readout to identify bacterial mechanisms that promote development when animal TGF-{beta} or insulin signaling is impaired. We found that the native C. elegans microbiome constituent, Pseudomonas lurida, suppresses dauer arrest and that this activity requires the two-component system, GacS/GacA, and the downstream massABC[KD2.1][KN2.2][XW2.3] nonribosomal peptide synthetase cluster. Using sequential chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and NMR, we identified Massetolide F, a bacterial cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant, as a massABC-dependent product. In addition, we found that purified Massetolide F was sufficient to restore dauer suppression to P. lurida {triangleup}massBC. We also found that surfactin[AT3.1][KN3.2][XW3.3] C, a cyclic lipopeptide from B. subtilis, similarly suppressed dauer formation whereas the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin did not, indicating that dauer suppression is shared by a subset of cyclic lipopeptides rather than being a general property of the class. Lastly, we found that massABC-dependent Massetolide F production induces the expression of the acid sphingomyelinase asm-3 in C. elegans, that asm-3 is required for Massetolide F induced dauer suppression, and that loss of Massetolide F production also leads to reduced bacterial clearance in host animals. Together, these findings identify Massetolide F as a microbiome-derived molecule that promotes animal development and reveal an unexpected function for bacterial biosurfactants in regulating animal physiology.
ER -