Novel sequence type 2040 non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae from southern China: genomic and phenotypic features with molecular epidemiological implications
- 1Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College
- 2Yan’an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University
- 3Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Abstract
Introduction: Non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are opportunistic aquatic pathogens that cause extraintestinal infections including bacteremia, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. The incidence of NOVC bacteremia has increased in coastal China, yet the genomic diversity and population structure of clinical NOVC isolates remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize a clinical NOVC isolate from southern China at both phenotypic and genomic levels.
Methods: We recovered a clinical NOVC isolate (HL2601) from a bloodstream infection case in Xiamen, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Whole-genome sequencing was performed, followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, core-genome phylogeny reconstruction, virulence and resistance gene profiling, and quantitative genome collinearity and structural variation analysis.
Results: The isolate was confirmed as V. cholerae and assigned to a novel sequence type, ST2040. It lacked cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus genes but harbored multiple alternative virulence determinants, including intact type II and type VI secretion systems, RTX toxin, hemolysins, and iron uptake systems. HL2601 was susceptible to all 11 tested antibiotics and clustered phylogenetically with extraintestinal clinical and environmental NOVC strains, suggesting a potential environmental reservoir origin.
Discussion: These findings expand the known genomic diversity of clinical NOVC in China. They provide a genomic baseline for surveillance of emerging NOVC clones and inform empirical antibiotic selection for extraintestinal vibriosis in coastal regions.
Related
- Periodontitis as a potential contributor to lung cancer: Epidemiological evidence, proposed mechanisms, and clinical implications
- Integrative bioinformatics analysis of Lianmei granules in diabetic nephropathy : Epidemiological and molecular insights
- Cellular Phenotypic Changes in Endometriosis: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.
- Rethinking Input Complexity in Transformer-Based Clinical Prediction: Implications for Feature Dimensionality and Sequence Length in Longitudinal EHR Data
- Multi-source COVID-19 surveillance in Fujian, China: epidemiological features of two epidemic waves and public health implications
BibTeX
@article{xia2026novel,
title = {{Novel sequence type 2040 non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae from southern China: genomic and phenotypic features with molecular epidemiological implications}},
author = {Yuanzhi Xia and Jiawei Ding and Jinyan Kai and Chunhong Xie and Yanqin Nie and Jiaqiu Ru and Lianjiang Huang and Juan Wen},
journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2026.1955993},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1955993/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Novel sequence type 2040 non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae from southern China: genomic and phenotypic features with molecular epidemiological implications
AU - Yuanzhi Xia
AU - Jiawei Ding
AU - Jinyan Kai
AU - Chunhong Xie
AU - Yanqin Nie
AU - Jiaqiu Ru
AU - Lianjiang Huang
AU - Juan Wen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1955993
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1955993/full
AB - Introduction: Non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are opportunistic aquatic pathogens that cause extraintestinal infections including bacteremia, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. The incidence of NOVC bacteremia has increased in coastal China, yet the genomic diversity and population structure of clinical NOVC isolates remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize a clinical NOVC isolate from southern China at both phenotypic and genomic levels. Methods: We recovered a clinical NOVC isolate (HL2601) from a bloodstream infection case in Xiamen, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Whole-genome sequencing was performed, followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, core-genome phylogeny reconstruction, virulence and resistance gene profiling, and quantitative genome collinearity and structural variation analysis. Results: The isolate was confirmed as V. cholerae and assigned to a novel sequence type, ST2040. It lacked cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus genes but harbored multiple alternative virulence determinants, including intact type II and type VI secretion systems, RTX toxin, hemolysins, and iron uptake systems. HL2601 was susceptible to all 11 tested antibiotics and clustered phylogenetically with extraintestinal clinical and environmental NOVC strains, suggesting a potential environmental reservoir origin. Discussion: These findings expand the known genomic diversity of clinical NOVC in China. They provide a genomic baseline for surveillance of emerging NOVC clones and inform empirical antibiotic selection for extraintestinal vibriosis in coastal regions.
SN - 1664-302X
ER -