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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

A Hectospec Spectroscopic Census of Kinematic Members in the Orion Nebula Cluster

  • Jesús Hernández1
  • Ezequiel Manzo-Martínez1,2
  • Lucía Adame1
  • Sergio Sánchez-Sanjuán1
  • Nuria Calvet2
  • David Fernandez3
  • Cesar Briceno4
  • Javier Serna5
  • Giovanni Pinzón6
  • Lucia Martinez1
  • Tom Megeath7
  • John J Tobin8
12 more authors
  • Carlos Román-Zuñiga1
  • Karina Maucó1
  • Corina Zepeda1
  • Andrea Bonilla-Barroso9
  • Maria Gracia Batista9
  • Javier Ballesteros-Paredes10
  • Lori Allen11
  • Luisa Zamudio-Ruvalcaba12
  • Fabian Ahumada3
  • Alejandro Alfonso13
  • Johana Contreras6
  • Jhordan Peña6
13 affiliations
  1. 1Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Apartado Postal 106, C. P. 22800, Ensenada, B. C. ,
  2. 2University of Michigan Department of Astronomy, , 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,
  3. 3Universidad de La Serena Departamento de Astronomía, , 1700000 La Serena ,
  4. 4SOAR Telescope/NSF NOIRLab , Casilla 603, La Serena ,
  5. 5University of Oklahoma Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Norman, OK 73019 ,
  6. 6Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá ,
  7. 7University of Toledo Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Toledo OH, 43606 ,
  8. 8National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 ,
  9. 9Universidad de los Andes , Departamento de Física, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque Ip, A.A. 4976 Bogotá ,
  10. 10Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , UNAM, campus Morelia. PO Box 3-72. 58090. Morelia, Michoacán ,
  11. 11NSF NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719 ,
  12. 12Boston University Department of Astronomy, , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 ,
  13. 13Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia . Sede Central Tunja - Boyacá -
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Abstract

We present a comprehensive spectroscopic census of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), based primarily on low-resolution optical spectroscopy obtained with MMT/Hectospec. We derive spectral types, youth indicators, and accretion diagnostics for 1513 stars located in the ONC region, enabling the identification and characterization of pre–main-sequence stars. We combine these measurements with a kinematic membership analysis based on Gaia Data Release 3 astrometry to identify and confirm cluster members. Using these combined diagnostics, we identify and characterize 780 bona fide T Tauri stars associated with the ONC. In addition, we construct a census of protoplanetary discs using infrared photometry obtained with the IRAC and MIPS instruments aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We further derive stellar masses, ages, and extinctions using the MassAge code, which combines photometric and spectroscopic inputs with stellar evolutionary models, and employs a Monte Carlo approach for uncertainty propagation. The resulting homogeneous catalogue of ONC members provides spectroscopic characterizations, kinematic membership constraints, disc diagnostics, and self-consistent estimates of stellar physical parameters. This dataset offers a refined view of the stellar population of the ONC and provides a robust foundation for investigating its kinematic structure, age distribution, and protoplanetary disc population.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hernandez2026hectospec,
  title = {{A Hectospec Spectroscopic Census of Kinematic Members in the Orion Nebula Cluster}},
  author = {Jesús Hernández and Ezequiel Manzo-Martínez and Lucía Adame and Sergio Sánchez-Sanjuán and Nuria Calvet and David Fernandez and Cesar Briceno and Javier Serna and Giovanni Pinzón and Lucia Martinez and Tom Megeath and John J Tobin and Carlos Román-Zuñiga and Karina Maucó and Corina Zepeda and Andrea Bonilla-Barroso and Maria Gracia Batista and Javier Ballesteros-Paredes and Lori Allen and Luisa Zamudio-Ruvalcaba and Fabian Ahumada and Alejandro Alfonso and Johana Contreras and Jhordan Peña},
  journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/mnras/stag2013},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2013/9005961},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Hectospec Spectroscopic Census of Kinematic Members in the Orion Nebula Cluster
AU  - Jesús Hernández
AU  - Ezequiel Manzo-Martínez
AU  - Lucía Adame
AU  - Sergio Sánchez-Sanjuán
AU  - Nuria Calvet
AU  - David Fernandez
AU  - Cesar Briceno
AU  - Javier Serna
AU  - Giovanni Pinzón
AU  - Lucia Martinez
AU  - Tom Megeath
AU  - John J Tobin
AU  - Carlos Román-Zuñiga
AU  - Karina Maucó
AU  - Corina Zepeda
AU  - Andrea Bonilla-Barroso
AU  - Maria Gracia Batista
AU  - Javier Ballesteros-Paredes
AU  - Lori Allen
AU  - Luisa Zamudio-Ruvalcaba
AU  - Fabian Ahumada
AU  - Alejandro Alfonso
AU  - Johana Contreras
AU  - Jhordan Peña
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/31
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DO  - 10.1093/mnras/stag2013
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2013/9005961
AB  - We present a comprehensive spectroscopic census of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), based primarily on low-resolution optical spectroscopy obtained with MMT/Hectospec. We derive spectral types, youth indicators, and accretion diagnostics for 1513 stars located in the ONC region, enabling the identification and characterization of pre–main-sequence stars. We combine these measurements with a kinematic membership analysis based on Gaia Data Release 3 astrometry to identify and confirm cluster members. Using these combined diagnostics, we identify and characterize 780 bona fide T Tauri stars associated with the ONC. In addition, we construct a census of protoplanetary discs using infrared photometry obtained with the IRAC and MIPS instruments aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We further derive stellar masses, ages, and extinctions using the MassAge code, which combines photometric and spectroscopic inputs with stellar evolutionary models, and employs a Monte Carlo approach for uncertainty propagation. The resulting homogeneous catalogue of ONC members provides spectroscopic characterizations, kinematic membership constraints, disc diagnostics, and self-consistent estimates of stellar physical parameters. This dataset offers a refined view of the stellar population of the ONC and provides a robust foundation for investigating its kinematic structure, age distribution, and protoplanetary disc population.
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
ER  -