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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Acta Medica Philippina

Prognostic Factors for Return to Work after Intervertebral Disc Displacement Surgery: A Historical Cohort Study in Indonesia

  • Maria Franciska1,2
  • Retno Asti Werdhani3
  • Iwan Rivai Alam Siahaan2,4
  • Titis Mariyamah2,5
  • Dewi Yunia Fitriani2,3
5 affiliations
  1. 1Occupational Medicine Specialist Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  2. 2Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  3. 3Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  4. 4Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  5. 5Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

Background: Intervertebral Disc Displacement (IDD) is a prevalent condition in working-age individuals and the leading cause of occupational disability and early retirement. This condition may need interventional surgery. Successful return to work (RTW) is an important outcome following IDD surgery. Not returning to work after surgery has significant financial and social consequences for people and society.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the proportion and time of successful RTW after IDD surgery and to evaluate the factors that may affect successful RTW after IDD surgery.

Methods: A historical cohort study was undertaken at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, by analyzing data from medical records from 2017 to 2022 on workers who underwent IDD surgery. We analyzed clinical conditions (pain severity after surgery, length of hospital stay, duration of IDD pain until surgery, type of surgery), occupational factors (job type and work support from the employer), and individual characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, education level, smoking habit) from medical records that may be associated with successful RTW. Successful RTW was defined as pain severity after surgery ≤4, no increase in pain intensity, no additional clinic visits other than those scheduled, and no need for increased medication dosage or type.

Results: Data were collected from 145 subjects. Female workers were a little more frequent. The median age of the subjects was 52 years old. The subjects had IDD pain until surgery for about 18 months, with a median postoperative pain level of 2 out of 10. There were 32% of subjects who underwent minimally invasive surgery. Around 59 subjects (40.7%) successfully returned to work within a median of 26 days after hospitalization. Age (p = 0.04), gender (p = 0.046), education level (p = 0.04), and type of surgery (p = 0.02) were all substantially associated with returning to work.

Conclusion: Less than 50% of workers who had undergone IDD surgery had successfully returned to work. Age, gender, education level, and type of surgery were the prognostic factors for successful RTW in the workers undergone IDD surgery. It is critical to create a return-to-work strategy even before the patients undergo surgery.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{franciska2026prognostic,
  title = {{Prognostic Factors for Return to Work after Intervertebral Disc Displacement Surgery: A Historical Cohort Study in Indonesia}},
  author = {Maria Franciska and Retno Asti Werdhani and Iwan Rivai Alam Siahaan and Titis Mariyamah and Dewi Yunia Fitriani},
  journal = {Acta Medica Philippina},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.47895/amp.v60i18.9691},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i18.9691},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prognostic Factors for Return to Work after Intervertebral Disc Displacement Surgery: A Historical Cohort Study in Indonesia
AU  - Maria Franciska
AU  - Retno Asti Werdhani
AU  - Iwan Rivai Alam Siahaan
AU  - Titis Mariyamah
AU  - Dewi Yunia Fitriani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Acta Medica Philippina
DO  - 10.47895/amp.v60i18.9691
UR  - https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i18.9691
AB  - Background: Intervertebral Disc Displacement (IDD) is a prevalent condition in working-age individuals and the leading cause of occupational disability and early retirement. This condition may need interventional surgery. Successful return to work (RTW) is an important outcome following IDD surgery. Not returning to work after surgery has significant financial and social consequences for people and society.  Objective: This study aimed to investigate the proportion and time of successful RTW after IDD surgery and to evaluate the factors that may affect successful RTW after IDD surgery.  Methods: A historical cohort study was undertaken at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, by analyzing data from medical records from 2017 to 2022 on workers who underwent IDD surgery. We analyzed clinical conditions (pain severity after surgery, length of hospital stay, duration of IDD pain until surgery, type of surgery), occupational factors (job type and work support from the employer), and individual characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, education level, smoking habit) from medical records that may be associated with successful RTW. Successful RTW was defined as pain severity after surgery ≤4, no increase in pain intensity, no additional clinic visits other than those scheduled, and no need for increased medication dosage or type.  Results: Data were collected from 145 subjects. Female workers were a little more frequent. The median age of the subjects was 52 years old. The subjects had IDD pain until surgery for about 18 months, with a median postoperative pain level of 2 out of 10. There were 32% of subjects who underwent minimally invasive surgery. Around 59 subjects (40.7%) successfully returned to work within a median of 26 days after hospitalization. Age (p = 0.04), gender (p = 0.046), education level (p = 0.04), and type of surgery (p = 0.02) were all substantially associated with returning to work.  Conclusion: Less than 50% of workers who had undergone IDD surgery had successfully returned to work. Age, gender, education level, and type of surgery were the prognostic factors for successful RTW in the workers undergone IDD surgery. It is critical to create a return-to-work strategy even before the patients undergo surgery.
SN  - 0001-6071
SN  - 2094-9278
ER  -