Seeking a possible approach to understanding the origin of the proton mass using twist-4 contributions in inclusive reactions
Abstract
Most of the mass of the visible universe originates from the strong interaction. Quantitatively reproducing the origin of the nucleon mass is one of the important challenges in fundamental science. Since the next-generation Electron-Ion Collider has identified resolving this problem as one of its major goals, further theoretical studies are needed to develop approaches to investigating the origin experimentally. In this paper, we explore the possibility of evaluating the ``gluon condensate term'' which is particularly difficult to determine among the contributions to the nucleon mass, using high-energy scattering experiments. We first express the gluon condensate term in terms of experimentally accessible twist-4 lightcone matrix elements. We then derive, for the first time, analytic formulas for the cross section including all twist-4 contributions from pure quark, quark-gluon, and pure gluon matrix elements in ep collisions, and show how these contributions can be related to the gluon condensate term.
Related
- Entropy from inclusive scattering
- Probing gluon saturation through inclusive hadron production in DIS
- Three-loop QCD corrections to heavy-to-light form factors and applications to inclusive B decays
- Measurements of the inclusive Branching fractions of the Ds+ → η(η′) X decays
- Measurement of tZq inclusive and differential cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
BibTeX
@misc{wen2026seeking,
title = {{Seeking a possible approach to understanding the origin of the proton mass using twist-4 contributions in inclusive reactions}},
author = {Xiaohui Wen and Shinsuke Yoshida},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.14485},
eprint = {2610.14485},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14485},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Seeking a possible approach to understanding the origin of the proton mass using twist-4 contributions in inclusive reactions
AU - Xiaohui Wen
AU - Shinsuke Yoshida
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.14485
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14485
AB - Most of the mass of the visible universe originates from the strong interaction. Quantitatively reproducing the origin of the nucleon mass is one of the important challenges in fundamental science. Since the next-generation Electron-Ion Collider has identified resolving this problem as one of its major goals, further theoretical studies are needed to develop approaches to investigating the origin experimentally. In this paper, we explore the possibility of evaluating the ``gluon condensate term'' which is particularly difficult to determine among the contributions to the nucleon mass, using high-energy scattering experiments. We first express the gluon condensate term in terms of experimentally accessible twist-4 lightcone matrix elements. We then derive, for the first time, analytic formulas for the cross section including all twist-4 contributions from pure quark, quark-gluon, and pure gluon matrix elements in ep collisions, and show how these contributions can be related to the gluon condensate term.
ER -