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PreprintCC BY-NC-SA 4.0arXiv

Quantum thermodynamics near the border of a one-dimensional Bose gas

  • Carsten Henkel
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Abstract

We consider an ultracold Bose gas in a half-open potential well, otherwise confined to a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. The Bogoliubov equations for its elementary excitations are solved in the continuous spectrum to explore the particle and energy content near the edge of the gas, beyond the often applied local density approximation. In particular, gradients in the condensate density enhance density-dominated excitations in the border region. We discuss excess (missing) particles and their energy by comparing to suitable reference solutions for quasi-homogeneous systems. The density profile near the edge shows no Friedel oscillations, but a dipolar feature from the spill-out of thermally excited particles. The calculations are performed in the grand-canonical ensemble and in the thermodynamic limit.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{henkel2026quantum,
  title = {{Quantum thermodynamics near the border of a one-dimensional Bose gas}},
  author = {Carsten Henkel},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.28164},
  eprint = {2608.28164},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28164},
  note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Quantum thermodynamics near the border of a one-dimensional Bose gas
AU  - Carsten Henkel
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/28
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.28164
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28164
AB  - We consider an ultracold Bose gas in a half-open potential well, otherwise confined to a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. The Bogoliubov equations for its elementary excitations are solved in the continuous spectrum to explore the particle and energy content near the edge of the gas, beyond the often applied local density approximation. In particular, gradients in the condensate density enhance density-dominated excitations in the border region. We discuss excess (missing) particles and their energy by comparing to suitable reference solutions for quasi-homogeneous systems. The density profile near the edge shows no Friedel oscillations, but a dipolar feature from the spill-out of thermally excited particles. The calculations are performed in the grand-canonical ensemble and in the thermodynamic limit.
ER  -