Effects of Circadian Phase and Exercise Training on Systemic and Tissue-Specific Redox Responses in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
- 1Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- 2Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
Abstract
Background: The effects of exercise timing on redox adaptation under high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress remain unclear. We investigated whether the circadian phase of training alters systemic and tissue-specific redox responses in HFD-fed mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD remained sedentary or underwent 8 weeks of treadmill training at Zeitgeber time 3 (ZT3) or Zeitgeber time 15 (ZT15). Samples were collected 48 h after the final session. Plasma redox status was assessed using the OXY-adsorbent test (OXY), the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites test (d-ROMs; mainly reflecting circulating hydroperoxides), and the biological antioxidant potential test (BAP), and redox and inflammatory gene expression levels were quantified in three skeletal muscles and the liver. Results: Exercise increased BAP (p = 0.0442), whereas OXY was unchanged. The phase × exercise interaction for d-ROMs showed a nonsignificant trend (p = 0.0560); exploratory comparisons showed higher d-ROMs in ZT15-sedentary (sed) than in ZT3-sed and ZT15-exercise (exe) mice. Gastrocnemius (GAS) Nfe2l2 showed a nominal phase × exercise interaction. Soleus (SOL) Hmox1 was higher at ZT15 and with exercise. Quadriceps (QUA) Nfe2l2 was higher at ZT3 and Cat at ZT15. Hepatic Keap1 was higher at ZT15, particularly in sedentary mice, while inflammatory transcripts remained largely unchanged. Only the phase effects on SOL Hmox1 and hepatic Keap1 remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Conclusions: Long-term exercise was associated with higher plasma ferric-reducing capacity irrespective of circadian phase, whereas tissue redox-related transcriptional responses were mainly associated with circadian phase and differed among tissues. Whether active-phase exercise provides a redox advantage over rest-phase exercise requires further investigation.
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BibTeX
@article{wang2026effects,
title = {{Effects of Circadian Phase and Exercise Training on Systemic and Tissue-Specific Redox Responses in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet}},
author = {Shuo Wang and Ziwei Zhang and Jiapeng Huang and Yishan Tong and Cong Wu and Haruki Kobori and Yasuhiro Seki and Sihui Ma and Katsuhiko Suzuki},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/nu18203384},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3384},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of Circadian Phase and Exercise Training on Systemic and Tissue-Specific Redox Responses in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
AU - Shuo Wang
AU - Ziwei Zhang
AU - Jiapeng Huang
AU - Yishan Tong
AU - Cong Wu
AU - Haruki Kobori
AU - Yasuhiro Seki
AU - Sihui Ma
AU - Katsuhiko Suzuki
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Nutrients
DO - 10.3390/nu18203384
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3384
AB - Background: The effects of exercise timing on redox adaptation under high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress remain unclear. We investigated whether the circadian phase of training alters systemic and tissue-specific redox responses in HFD-fed mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD remained sedentary or underwent 8 weeks of treadmill training at Zeitgeber time 3 (ZT3) or Zeitgeber time 15 (ZT15). Samples were collected 48 h after the final session. Plasma redox status was assessed using the OXY-adsorbent test (OXY), the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites test (d-ROMs; mainly reflecting circulating hydroperoxides), and the biological antioxidant potential test (BAP), and redox and inflammatory gene expression levels were quantified in three skeletal muscles and the liver. Results: Exercise increased BAP (p = 0.0442), whereas OXY was unchanged. The phase × exercise interaction for d-ROMs showed a nonsignificant trend (p = 0.0560); exploratory comparisons showed higher d-ROMs in ZT15-sedentary (sed) than in ZT3-sed and ZT15-exercise (exe) mice. Gastrocnemius (GAS) Nfe2l2 showed a nominal phase × exercise interaction. Soleus (SOL) Hmox1 was higher at ZT15 and with exercise. Quadriceps (QUA) Nfe2l2 was higher at ZT3 and Cat at ZT15. Hepatic Keap1 was higher at ZT15, particularly in sedentary mice, while inflammatory transcripts remained largely unchanged. Only the phase effects on SOL Hmox1 and hepatic Keap1 remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Conclusions: Long-term exercise was associated with higher plasma ferric-reducing capacity irrespective of circadian phase, whereas tissue redox-related transcriptional responses were mainly associated with circadian phase and differed among tissues. Whether active-phase exercise provides a redox advantage over rest-phase exercise requires further investigation.
SN - 2072-6643
ER -