Immunization Efficacy of a Commercialized Inactivated Mycoplasma bovis (Strain HM) Vaccine in Calves at a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.
4 affiliations
- 1Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
- 2College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
- 3Bright Farming Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, China.
- 4College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis)-positive clinical Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) seriously threatens the survival and growth of calves. Against the global backdrop of escalating antimicrobial resistance, effective vaccines represent a promising strategy for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological features of BRD on a large-scale dairy farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, and to assess the efficacy of an inactivated M. bovis strain HM vaccine using a randomized, double-blind, controlled field trial conducted during the high-incidence season. In total, 200 healthy 3-4-week-old Holstein calves seronegative for M. bovis-specific antibodies were randomly allocated to either a vaccine group or a control group. Calves in the vaccine group received two intramuscular vaccine doses on day 0 and day 14, while control calves received an equal volume of placebo at identical time points. The entire trial spanned 194 days. A comprehensive assessment was carried out, including vaccine tolerability, growth performance, serum antibody and cytokine profiles, BRD incidence, infection rates of common pathogens, and vaccine protective efficacy. The results showed that the farm-level annual BRD incidence was 9.27%, consistent with typical temporal-spatial-herd distribution patterns. Calves exhibited good tolerability after vaccination, and the vaccine had no adverse effect on body-weight gain. Importantly, vaccination markedly elevated serum specific antibody levels, seropositivity rates, and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Moreover, vaccination reduced the risk of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD by 61% and decreased infection risks for several respiratory pathogens. Collectively, this inactivated vaccine demonstrated satisfactory tolerability and protective effects, providing critical technical evidence for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD in dairy farms.
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BibTeX
@article{li2026immunization,
title = {{Immunization Efficacy of a Commercialized Inactivated Mycoplasma bovis (Strain HM) Vaccine in Calves at a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.}},
author = {Yingjian Li and Ruihua Zhang and Yiquan Jin and Lei Wang and Kai Huang and Yongzhan Bao and Xuejian Zhao and Jingyan Zhang and Zhengzhong Luo and Zhiting Guo and Xiaorong Lu and Zhiyong Hao and Kang Zhang and Jianxi Li},
journal = {Veterinary sciences},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/vetsci13101026},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944122},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Immunization Efficacy of a Commercialized Inactivated Mycoplasma bovis (Strain HM) Vaccine in Calves at a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.
AU - Yingjian Li
AU - Ruihua Zhang
AU - Yiquan Jin
AU - Lei Wang
AU - Kai Huang
AU - Yongzhan Bao
AU - Xuejian Zhao
AU - Jingyan Zhang
AU - Zhengzhong Luo
AU - Zhiting Guo
AU - Xiaorong Lu
AU - Zhiyong Hao
AU - Kang Zhang
AU - Jianxi Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/28
JO - Veterinary sciences
DO - 10.3390/vetsci13101026
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944122
AB - Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis)-positive clinical Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) seriously threatens the survival and growth of calves. Against the global backdrop of escalating antimicrobial resistance, effective vaccines represent a promising strategy for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological features of BRD on a large-scale dairy farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, and to assess the efficacy of an inactivated M. bovis strain HM vaccine using a randomized, double-blind, controlled field trial conducted during the high-incidence season. In total, 200 healthy 3-4-week-old Holstein calves seronegative for M. bovis-specific antibodies were randomly allocated to either a vaccine group or a control group. Calves in the vaccine group received two intramuscular vaccine doses on day 0 and day 14, while control calves received an equal volume of placebo at identical time points. The entire trial spanned 194 days. A comprehensive assessment was carried out, including vaccine tolerability, growth performance, serum antibody and cytokine profiles, BRD incidence, infection rates of common pathogens, and vaccine protective efficacy. The results showed that the farm-level annual BRD incidence was 9.27%, consistent with typical temporal-spatial-herd distribution patterns. Calves exhibited good tolerability after vaccination, and the vaccine had no adverse effect on body-weight gain. Importantly, vaccination markedly elevated serum specific antibody levels, seropositivity rates, and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Moreover, vaccination reduced the risk of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD by 61% and decreased infection risks for several respiratory pathogens. Collectively, this inactivated vaccine demonstrated satisfactory tolerability and protective effects, providing critical technical evidence for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD in dairy farms.
SN - 2306-7381
ER -