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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Diabetologia

An international position statement on practical approaches for inpatient continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery systems in adults

  • Mikkel T. Olsen1
  • Elias K. Spanakis2
  • Hood Thabit3,4
  • Ketan Dhatariya5,6
  • Omar G. Mustafa7
  • Parizad Avari8,9
  • Alistair N. Lumb10,11
  • Katheleen Dungan12
  • Athena Philis-Tsimikas13
  • Kristen Kulasa14
  • David N. O’Neal15
  • Shashank R. Joshi16
14 more authors
  • Alexandros L. Liarakos17,18
  • Emma G. Wilmot17,18
  • Julie L. V. Shaw19
  • Roman Vangoitsenhoven20
  • Chantal Mathieu20
  • Irl B. Hirsch21
  • Priyathama Vellanki22
  • Francisco J. Pasquel22
  • Guillermo Umpierrez22
  • Rodolfo J. Galindo23
  • Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard24,25
  • Peter L. Kristensen24,25
  • Julia K. Mader26
  • Kirsten Nørgaard1,25
26 affiliations
  1. 1Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
  2. 2Baltimore VA Medical Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
  3. 3Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolism Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS, Manchester, UK
  4. 4Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
  5. 5Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
  6. 6Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
  7. 7Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital, and King’s College London, London, UK
  8. 8Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
  9. 9Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
  10. 10Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
  11. 11National Institute for Health and Care Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
  12. 12Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
  13. 13Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA USA
  14. 14Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
  15. 15University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
  16. 16Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
  17. 17Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
  18. 18School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
  19. 19Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association and The Ottawa Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
  20. 20Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  21. 21Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
  22. 22Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
  23. 23Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
  24. 24Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
  25. 25Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  26. 26Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract

There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and safe use of these devices to improve glycaemic management, enhance outcomes and contribute to standardisation efforts in initiating or continuing the use of these devices in hospitals for non-critically ill hospitalised adults. The topics covered include selection criteria for management with diabetes technologies, CGM-derived glycaemic metrics and goals for adults with diabetes, insulin titration and administration guidelines, perioperative care, CGM alarm settings for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, clinical staff training and workflows, integration of device data with the electronic health record, imaging tests considerations and discharge planning.

Graphical Abstract:

Supplementary Information: The online version contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{olsen2026international,
  title = {{An international position statement on practical approaches for inpatient continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery systems in adults}},
  author = {Mikkel T. Olsen and Elias K. Spanakis and Hood Thabit and Ketan Dhatariya and Omar G. Mustafa and Parizad Avari and Alistair N. Lumb and Katheleen Dungan and Athena Philis-Tsimikas and Kristen Kulasa and David N. O’Neal and Shashank R. Joshi and Alexandros L. Liarakos and Emma G. Wilmot and Julie L. V. Shaw and Roman Vangoitsenhoven and Chantal Mathieu and Irl B. Hirsch and Priyathama Vellanki and Francisco J. Pasquel and Guillermo Umpierrez and Rodolfo J. Galindo and Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard and Peter L. Kristensen and Julia K. Mader and Kirsten Nørgaard},
  journal = {Diabetologia},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - An international position statement on practical approaches for inpatient continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery systems in adults
AU  - Mikkel T. Olsen
AU  - Elias K. Spanakis
AU  - Hood Thabit
AU  - Ketan Dhatariya
AU  - Omar G. Mustafa
AU  - Parizad Avari
AU  - Alistair N. Lumb
AU  - Katheleen Dungan
AU  - Athena Philis-Tsimikas
AU  - Kristen Kulasa
AU  - David N. O’Neal
AU  - Shashank R. Joshi
AU  - Alexandros L. Liarakos
AU  - Emma G. Wilmot
AU  - Julie L. V. Shaw
AU  - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
AU  - Chantal Mathieu
AU  - Irl B. Hirsch
AU  - Priyathama Vellanki
AU  - Francisco J. Pasquel
AU  - Guillermo Umpierrez
AU  - Rodolfo J. Galindo
AU  - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
AU  - Peter L. Kristensen
AU  - Julia K. Mader
AU  - Kirsten Nørgaard
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
JO  - Diabetologia
DO  - 10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8
AB  - There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and safe use of these devices to improve glycaemic management, enhance outcomes and contribute to standardisation efforts in initiating or continuing the use of these devices in hospitals for non-critically ill hospitalised adults. The topics covered include selection criteria for management with diabetes technologies, CGM-derived glycaemic metrics and goals for adults with diabetes, insulin titration and administration guidelines, perioperative care, CGM alarm settings for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, clinical staff training and workflows, integration of device data with the electronic health record, imaging tests considerations and discharge planning.  Graphical Abstract:  Supplementary Information: The online version contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06838-8.
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
ER  -