Electromagnetic Information Theory for Programmable Metasurfaces
Abstract
Programmable metasurfaces enable fine-grained control of electromagnetic waves and are creating new opportunities for information extraction, information transfer and information processing. Yet, despite exciting experimental demonstrations, their fundamental capabilities remain poorly understood. In this Perspective, we argue that programmable metasurfaces, and programmable wave systems more generally, call for an electromagnetic information theory that addresses limits at two levels, in a unified manner across applications like communications, sensing and computing. First, for a given physical platform, such a theory should bound achievable information manipulations, such as sensing precision, information-transfer rates, and computational performance. Second, at a more fundamental level, it should determine what non-programmable and programmable physical resources bound these system-specific limits, and what minimum resources are required to attain a prescribed level of performance. We discuss emerging theoretical approaches to these questions, and their connection to experimentally realizable systems. We examine how device thickness, programmable degrees of freedom, nonlocality, coupling and multiple scattering constrain these limits. Establishing the envisioned framework could clarify the ultimate capabilities of programmable metasurfaces and guide the design of future wave-based information systems.
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BibTeX
@misc{hougne2026electromagnetic,
title = {{Electromagnetic Information Theory for Programmable Metasurfaces}},
author = {Philipp del Hougne and Marco Di Renzo and Owen D. Miller and David A. B. Miller},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.02935},
eprint = {2611.02935},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02935},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Electromagnetic Information Theory for Programmable Metasurfaces
AU - Philipp del Hougne
AU - Marco Di Renzo
AU - Owen D. Miller
AU - David A. B. Miller
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.02935
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02935
AB - Programmable metasurfaces enable fine-grained control of electromagnetic waves and are creating new opportunities for information extraction, information transfer and information processing. Yet, despite exciting experimental demonstrations, their fundamental capabilities remain poorly understood. In this Perspective, we argue that programmable metasurfaces, and programmable wave systems more generally, call for an electromagnetic information theory that addresses limits at two levels, in a unified manner across applications like communications, sensing and computing. First, for a given physical platform, such a theory should bound achievable information manipulations, such as sensing precision, information-transfer rates, and computational performance. Second, at a more fundamental level, it should determine what non-programmable and programmable physical resources bound these system-specific limits, and what minimum resources are required to attain a prescribed level of performance. We discuss emerging theoretical approaches to these questions, and their connection to experimentally realizable systems. We examine how device thickness, programmable degrees of freedom, nonlocality, coupling and multiple scattering constrain these limits. Establishing the envisioned framework could clarify the ultimate capabilities of programmable metasurfaces and guide the design of future wave-based information systems.
ER -